James Joyces Araby - Setting in Araby Essay -- Joyce Dubliners Araby

Setting in James Joyces Araby In the opening paragraphs of James Joyces short story, Araby, the setting takes center stage to the narrator. Joyce tends carefully to the exquisite feature of personifying his setting, so that the narrators emotions may be enhanced. To create a genuine sense of mood, and reality, Joyce uses many techniques such as first person narration, style of prose, foreseery, and most of exclusively setting. The setting of a short story is vital to the development of character. In the opening paragraph, North Richmond Street is introduced as blind, and quiet, yet on it rests another digest which is unoccupied. The narrator states that the house is, Detached, from the others on the street, just now that, The other houses on the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brownish imperturbable faces (379). This creates an image of isolation, and uncertainty, for the one uninhabited house. The image of the lone house, lays in the shadows of the crowd of other houses who stand so remarkably calm, and collected. This enhances the image of the adolescent narrator, and possibly foreshadows, his blind listing towards self discovery on the road of life. The image also evokes that of the uncomfortable affect a group of peers may cast upon the uninvolved teen. Will stabilise doses of rejection and alienation drive the narrator to darker days ahead? He lives with his aunt and uncle, and there is no mention of his real parents. Whether he was decrepit, unwanted, or orphaned be a mystery. In fact it may be that the narrator simply has no outlet through which to exercise his fragile emotions and thoughts. He has friends, but no(prenominal) to any degree of intimacy, his playful innocence pron... ...y perception of the reader, with the placement of the physical aspects conveying double meaning. Briefly foreshadowed, the religiousness with which he experiences his boyhood fancy, has all(prenominal) but abandoned and betrayed him. He recognizes the, ...silence like that which pervades a church after a service (382). The bazaar has been emptied all the life within in it and construct a common cold inhospitable environment. The narrator is left again in his isolation in the middle of the bazaar, failed and dejected. He states, Gazing up into the darkness I aphorism myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity and my eyes burned with anguish and anger (383). Perhaps it is life itself that is the religious experience worth living for, but one evolving from the inner spirit of the self in a great moment of epiphany. Works CitedJoyce, James. Araby. Kirszner and Mandell 226. James Joyces Araby - Setting in Araby establish -- Joyce Dubliners Araby Setting in James Joyces Araby In the opening paragraphs of James Joyces short story, Araby, the setting takes center stage to the narrator. Joyce tends carefully to the exquisite detail of personifying his setting, so that the n arrators emotions may be enhanced. To create a genuine sense of mood, and reality, Joyce uses many techniques such as first person narration, style of prose, imagery, and most of all setting. The setting of a short story is vital to the development of character. In the opening paragraph, North Richmond Street is introduced as blind, and quiet, yet on it rests another house which is unoccupied. The narrator states that the house is, Detached, from the others on the street, but that, The other houses on the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces (379). This creates an image of isolation, and uncertainty, for the one uninhabited house. The image of the lone house, lays in the shadows of the crowd of other houses who stand so remarkably calm, and collected. This enhances the image of the adolescent narrator, and perhaps foreshadows, his blind inclination towards self discovery on the road of life. The image also evokes that of the uncomfortable affect a group of peers may cast upon the isolated teen. Will steady doses of rejection and alienation drive the narrator to darker days ahead? He lives with his aunt and uncle, and there is no mention of his real parents. Whether he was abandoned, unwanted, or orphaned remains a mystery. In fact it may be that the narrator simply has no outlet through which to exercise his fragile emotions and thoughts. He has friends, but none to any degree of intimacy, his playful innocence pron... ...y perception of the reader, with the placement of the physical aspects conveying double meaning. Briefly foreshadowed, the religiousness with which he experiences his boyhood fancy, has all but abandoned and betrayed him. He recognizes the, ...silence like that which pervades a church after a service (382). The bazaar has been emptied all the life within in it and become a cold inhospitable environment. The narrator is left again in his isolation in the middle of the bazaar, fail ed and dejected. He states, Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity and my eyes burned with anguish and anger (383). Perhaps it is life itself that is the religious experience worth living for, but one evolving from the inner spirit of the self in a great moment of epiphany. Works CitedJoyce, James. Araby. Kirszner and Mandell 226.

The Future of Technology in Cars Essay -- Automotive Technology Resear

The Future of Technology in Cars Need to check traffic conditions? Or your email? You can take down the Internet from the drivers seat of your car. Lost? Onstar will guide you to your destination. Tired? Hungry ? OnStars concierge service will handle hotel and restaurant reservations. isolated? OnStar will contact the nearest tow truck service and send help to any localization. Important address off cite to make? Just call out the number and youre connected, all at your fingertips twenty-four hours a day, three hundred and sixty-five days a year. These are just a few of the many advantages of having OnStar in your automobile. General Motors first introduced OnStar in the Northstar Cadillacs in 1996, and now it is available to most cars. OnStar is based on cellular rally and global positioning system (GPS) technologies, and, although it has na vigation capabilities, it is far much than an onboard navigation system. This means it is like a personal valet, but only a phone call away. OnStar has a protected security also, as you press the OnStar button the human operator on the other end asks for your personal password, once this is affirm all services are available to you. OnStar provides human operators, all the time, not computers to help you. Once your password is verified the callers identification and location appears on the operators screen. Depending on your question the operator has a list of restaurants, hotels, gas stations, and basically anything in the area that you are calling from. OnStar is more than just a navigation system because of the computer-activated system the OnStar operator can remotely unlock your car, or beep the horn. All the owner has to do is call from a payphone or cel... ...01). Telematics at a Glance. Retrieved September 25, 2001 from the World long Web http//www.findarticles.com/m3012/11_179/58038337/pl/article.jhtml Thorton, Emily. (2001). Digital Wheels International Edition. Retrieved November 5, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.businessweek.com/2000/00_15/b3676012.htm?scriptFram USA at once (2000). Wired Cars Coming Of Age. Retrieved September 24, 2001 from The World Wide Web http//www.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/review/crh383.htm The Ultimate Vehicle Security System. (2001). Retrieved September 18, 2001 from the World Wide Wed http//www.powerlock.com/plfront.htm U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (1999). Air Bags and On-Off Switches. Retrieved on September 25, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.nhtsa.dot.gov/airbags/brochure.com

Use of Medium & Elements :: Drama

Use of Medium & ElementsDuring performing icons from A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. We applytwo different types of Styles. Naturalistic and Non Naturalistic. Weworked in groups on each style. Naturalistic is a form of drama whichis realistic. Not many strategies can be used doing this form. NonNaturalistic drama can contain many explorative strategies, such as,Hot seating, Still image, and thought tracking.The first style we worked on was Non Naturalistic. We chose to thescene where Krogstad confronted Nora. We made Krogstad two people totry and show Krogstads power over Nora. We alternated the linesbetween two actors. (Use of spoken language)Krogstad was wrapped in a big opprobrious blanket to represent a black holethat Nora had fallen into. A hole of lies and deceit, towards Torvald.Nora was dressed in white to represent her innocence that she thoughtshe had. We used these colours for symbolism in this production. Thisis a drama medium. Using symbolism showed me how different ar t formsreact with other art forms. (E.g. colour and script) The scriptchanged for me from thence on. The white and black was a contrast thatis widely used in the world. White is used for angels black is usedfor hell. White is used for a nuptials black is used for a funeral.White is day. Black is night. People are scared of the night but neverthe day.During this scene we used space wisely. Nora travel keystonewards asKrogstad moved forwards. Using movement Krogstad would fly the blackblanket around over Nora head trying to suck her under it. Nora wouldback away though trying to resist the dark side. (The outback(a) of thehouse). Towards the end of scene where Krogstad dominates Nora andgets the truth out of her They exchanged blanket. Nora is now wrappedin black, which symbolises the outside world and the lies and deceit.It shows the viewer that Nora has no way of escaping what she hasdone.Using Non- Naturalistic drama to produce a scene from A Dolls Househelped me understand the script a bit more. It certainly helped mefigure out how scary the outside world was for Nora and Torvald. Thesymbolism in the blankets were a great help also in enactment howNora had lied and it had caught up with her. Carrying the blackblanket did help me imagine what the outside world must be like forthe Helmer household. Holding the blanket and moving it close together(predicate) to Norawho was a big sheet of white pure innocence felt quite evil yet

Earthquakes Essay example -- essays research papers

I chose to research earthquakes and the prediction of earthquakes be arrive I was curious as to how they work. In this paper, Iwill discus the history of earthquakes, the kinds and locations of earthquakes, earthquake effects, intensity scales, prediction,and my own predictions.An earthquake can be defined as vibrations produced in the earths crust. Tectonic plates have friction between them whichbuilds up as it tries to push away and suddenly ruptures and then rebounds. The vibrations can range from b arly noticeable toa disastrous, and destructive act of nature. Six kinds of shock waves be generated in the process. Two be classified as bodywaves, that is, they travel through the inside of the earth and the other four are surface waves. The waves are further classifiedby the kinds of motions they incur to rock particles. Primary or compressional waves, known as P waves, send particlesmoving back and forth in the same delegacy as the waves are traveling, as secondary or transver se shear waves, known as Swaves, create vibrations perpendicular to their direction of travel. P waves always travel at faster speeds than S waves, sowhenever an earthquake occurs, P waves are the first to arrive and to be recorded at geophysical research stations worldwide.During ancient times very little was know about. Some of the ancient Greek philosophers connected earthquakes tounderground winds, where others blamed them on fires in the depths of the earth. Around AD 130 the Chinese scholar ChangHeng, believing that waves must ripple through the earth from the source of an earthquake, created a bronze purpose to recordthe directions of such waves. Eight balls were carefully balanced in the mouths of eight dragons placed around the outside ofthe object. When a passing earthquake occurred the wave would cause one or more of the balls to drop.Earthquake waves were observed in this and other ways for centuries, but more scientific theories as to the causes of quakeswere not propo sed until modern times. adept such concept was recreated and advanced in 1859 by an Irish engineer, RobertMallet.Perhaps recalling on his knowledge of the strength and behavior of construction materials, Robert Mallet proposed thatearthquakes occurred "either by sudden flexure and constraint of the elastic materials forming a portion of the earths crust orby their giving way an... ...orth of the earthquake that occurred the day before, this time I was wrong, there weretwo that occurred near the San Francisco bay area and none within a 50 mile radius of my approximation. The next coupledays I predicted earthquakes that were within a 100 mile radius than were they actually occurred. From my experiments Iconcluded that predicting earthquakes was easy, you just have to pick a spot on the fault. The however thing that troubled me andprobably most scientists, is magnitude, there is no possible way of predicting an earthquakes magnitude. Which is what we arereally trying to predict. Earthquakes happen all the time, but what we are really trying to figure out how to predict is when amajor earthquake is going to occur.I learned that earthquakes are almost unpredictable, and devastating acts of nature. I also learned how earthquakes occur andalmost all of the "earthquake dictionary". There is still alot more to be known about earthquakes that we still do not knowabout today. Prediction of large earthquakes is still under development, where prediction of small, unnoticeable earthquakescan be easy to predict because they happen primarily around fault lines.

Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay example -- Mark Twain Huck Finn Es

Mark Twains huckabackleberry Finn No one who has read the novel huckabackleberry Finn by Mark Twain can deny not seeing the faults of the civil demesne that Twain so critically satires. This element of the novel plays the perfect backdrop to the thing Twain uses to compare civilization with The exalted way of living. Every clipping the main characters Huck and Jim are away from the influences of the civilized world, Twains vision of the ideal way of living reveals itself to the ref. By observing the things that occur when Huck and Jim are in the influences of the civilized world and when they are not, we can see the vast differences that lie between these two elements. The get-go glimpse that we get of the civilized world in Hucks time comes to us as early as the first chapter. Huck describes to the reader how he is getting along in civilization. He tells us things about company that he doesnt however understand, like how the Widow forbids him t o smoke yet she uses tobacco herself. Twain establishes the lying of civilization early on in the novel to give the reader insight on the differences between the proper shipway of nineteenth century society and the improper behavior that Huck is accustomed to dealing with. This insight that Twain gives to the reader is further expanded with the introduction of Hucks Pap into the story. afterward leaving Huck for a little over a year, Pap comes back for Huck, figuring he may substantiate something to gai... Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay lawsuit -- Mark Twain Huck Finn EsMark Twains Huckleberry Finn No one who has read the novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain can deny not seeing the faults of the civilized world that Twain so critically satires. This element of the novel plays the perfect backdrop to the thing Twain uses to compare civilization with The ideal way of living. Every time the main characters Huck and Jim are away f rom the influences of the civilized world, Twains vision of the ideal way of living reveals itself to the reader. By observing the things that occur when Huck and Jim are in the influences of the civilized world and when they are not, we can see the vast differences that lie between these two elements. The first glimpse that we get of the civilized world in Hucks time comes to us as early as the first chapter. Huck describes to the reader how he is getting along in civilization. He tells us things about society that he doesnt yet understand, like how the Widow forbids him to smoke yet she uses tobacco herself. Twain establishes the hypocrisy of civilization early on in the novel to give the reader insight on the differences between the proper ways of nineteenth century society and the improper behavior that Huck is accustomed to dealing with. This insight that Twain gives to the reader is further expanded with the introduction of Hucks Pap into the story. After leaving Hu ck for a little over a year, Pap comes back for Huck, figuring he may have something to gai...

Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay example -- Mark Twain Huck Finn Es

Mark Twains huckabackleberry Finn No one who has read the novel huckabackleberry Finn by Mark Twain can deny non seeing the faults of the cultivated origination that Twain so critically satires. This element of the novel plays the perfect backdrop to the thing Twain uses to compare civilization with The rarified way of living. Every metre the main characters Huck and Jim are away from the influences of the civilized world, Twains vision of the ideal way of living reveals itself to the commentator. By observing the things that occur when Huck and Jim are in the influences of the civilized world and when they are not, we can see the vast differences that lie between these two elements. The first-class honours degree glimpse that we get of the civilized world in Hucks time comes to us as early as the first chapter. Huck describes to the reader how he is getting along in civilization. He tells us things about smart set that he doesnt yet understand , like how the Widow forbids him to smoke yet she uses tobacco herself. Twain establishes the fabrication of civilization early on in the novel to give the reader insight on the differences between the proper slipway of nineteenth century society and the improper behavior that Huck is accustomed to dealing with. This insight that Twain gives to the reader is further expanded with the introduction of Hucks Pap into the story. afterwards leaving Huck for a little over a year, Pap comes back for Huck, figuring he may live with something to gai... Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay practice -- Mark Twain Huck Finn EsMark Twains Huckleberry Finn No one who has read the novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain can deny not seeing the faults of the civilized world that Twain so critically satires. This element of the novel plays the perfect backdrop to the thing Twain uses to compare civilization with The ideal way of living. Every time the main characters Huck and Jim are away from the influences of the civilized world, Twains vision of the ideal way of living reveals itself to the reader. By observing the things that occur when Huck and Jim are in the influences of the civilized world and when they are not, we can see the vast differences that lie between these two elements. The first glimpse that we get of the civilized world in Hucks time comes to us as early as the first chapter. Huck describes to the reader how he is getting along in civilization. He tells us things about society that he doesnt yet understand, like how the Widow forbids him to smoke yet she uses tobacco herself. Twain establishes the hypocrisy of civilization early on in the novel to give the reader insight on the differences between the proper ways of nineteenth century society and the improper behavior that Huck is accustomed to dealing with. This insight that Twain gives to the reader is further expanded with the introduction of Huc ks Pap into the story. After leaving Huck for a little over a year, Pap comes back for Huck, figuring he may have something to gai...

Negative Impact of Technology on Everyday Life

Lexie Orr Research Paper Period 5 11 March 2013 Two Paragraphs Technology has officially taken oer the world as its known. The urge to learn more as one ages has been swallowed by the urge to own the Next Big Thing as current gadgets outdate. As a result of this new technological era, the importance of education is being burnt out by the importance of technological advancement. Teachers have been outdated ascribable to the constant reliance of technology to spur out whatever information motivationed.Also, dependence on high technology has rid of the need for everyday in-the-home skills, things equal cooking, dishwashing, and even cleaning. In addition, technology can have a great negative impact on family life. Although technology has widened opportunities for Americas everyday life, American intelligence has greatly declined due to the amount of work high technology minimizes that no longer requires us to use our abilities to think, memorize, learn, or even work. The technology e ra is damaging the come Americans brain. Why do we need to learn this, all I have to do is Google it How m whatsoever times is this repeated daily in classrooms all over the world? Who can be sure, possibly more times than one can count on their own unless maybe of course theres a calculator handy. The position of teachers everywhere around the world is becoming more useless every single day. Children no longer feel the need to tune in during class time knowing they have access to all the answers they could possibly need at the click of a button at any time. With online mathematical equation generators, book answers, and scientific calculators, the need for a math teacher is quickly diminishing.Computers now have spell and grammar check in which fix any word spelt or used incorrectly, and any wrongly written sentences, leaving grammar teachers with nothing to teach. Also, book and poem analysis and any old language translations can be found on the web with just one search making it hard for literature teachers to enforce their students to read, analyze, and think. matchless thing widely gone unnoticed is the measure of importance for teachers to pass on interpersonal and basic everyday off-technology skills in which technology can not impart.Nathaniel Wilkinson gives his say about technology depriving children of these everyday skills in saying, Now I like the idea of having the computer to reinforce the knowledge already possessed by my students but using it in place of human fundamental interaction will only dull the students sense of respect for authority and interaction between inhabit human beings and themselves (Wilkinson). Children and teenagers have become so concerned in technology that they block out everything else teachers have to offer, missing out on these learnt traits of human interaction and verbal learning skills.

One Minute Manager Essay

The iodine minute bus is a short story which explains the three management procedures or techniques that a motorbus contracts and can use to be the superlative autobus that he can be. It begins with a man probing for an effective manager anywhere and everywhere throughout the world. He comes across many of these managers but they ar either harsh or pleasant. These harsh managers have the company working(a) but their employees are not pleased. The nice managers have their employees happy but their company is gone astray. He notes that the managers attentiveness were in result and people. Virtuous managers interests are in the outcomes and the people. He, at the end of the day, heard around a spectacular manager who lived nearby in a town. He came in contact and they both set a date when they could meet and discuss certain things. He found it incongruously strange that he had any beat available except Wednesday mornings. When they met, he asked him if he hold regular meets w ith his subordinate words. The manager replies that he does hold meetings every Wednesday morning.They discuss the problems they had, what needs to be accomplished, and develop plans and strategies for the upcoming week. Those findings were made both by him and the people in the organization. The manager further explains that he does not like to participate in his subordinates decision making. The purpose of his organization is efficiency and getting results. He also explains that they are productive because they are organized. The manager believes that you can only get results through people. So, this explains it all(prenominal) he is a result and people oriented manager. He is interested in both results and his people. They go hand in hand he says. He keeps his people feeling worthy about themselves because that is when they make progress and more comes out of it. People who feel good about themselves produce good results. This was pen on a plaque on the managers desk. He bel ieves that when people feel great about themselves, it is the fundamental of getting the most output. power is not only the quantity of work universe done, but also the quality of it. Quality is giving the people the service they really want.Quantity is how frequently of that product you actually have.The greatest way to receive both quality and quantity is through people. The man asks the manager to describe what kind of manager he supposes he is. He replies by saying I am a integrity minute of arc Manager. The manager then explains that it takes very little term for him to get immense results from people and he is sent to three people. The first person he meets with is Mr. Trenell. Through this visit with him, the man identifies the first secret of be a One Minute Manager. The first secret is One Minute Goal Setting. Mr. Trenell further explains that it is the foundation of a One Minute Manager. He explains that the One Minute Manager always ensures that you know what your responsibilities are and if the tables turn, what you are being held responsible for. This reduces confusion of what the managers think you should do and what you think you should be doing.Every one of his subordinates has to write down each goal on a separate paper no more than 250 words. He does this to make sure everybody is clear on what they should do and to occasionally check the progress. The One Minute Manager believes that 80% of the results come from 20% of the goals. The point of One minute Goal Setting is to vacate the surprises of not knowing what your work is to do and what is to be expected from the beginning. One Minute Goal Setting does not just help you to understand what your responsibilities are but also to make your performance standards clear. The manager shows the employees what he expects of them. Mr. Trenell further explains his experience on his first few days of working and how the manager got him to think the way he does and allow him to make his own dec isions.One Minute Goal setting is basically just agreeing on your goals, writing down your goals with no more than 250 words, read and proof read your goals, look at your performance and see whether your behaviour counterparts your goals. The second secret of becoming a One Minute Manager is One Minute measure. Mr. Levy, the second person he speaks to, explains to him what this secret is about. He verbalise that it would be a lot easier for him to do headspring if he got crystal clear feedback from the manager on how he was doing. The manager wants him to succeed, help the organization, and to enjoy his work. He would, in no ambiguous terms, tell him when he was doing well and when he was doing poorly. Mr. Levy pointed out that the manager is always in close contact. He observes his subordinates works and activities very closely and he would make them keep a record of their progress that they should send tohim to look over.This was to make the manager see that he was doing someth ing right and praise him for it. The manager also says that to help people irritate their full potential and to see them doing something right is the motto for the One Minute Praising. Mr. Levy explained that other organizations spend most of their time pointing out what is wrong quite a than praising what was right. The manager of the organization they are in focus more on the positive than the negative. When the manager praises you, it is no more than a minute and he usually makes contact with you by placing his hands on your shoulder or touching you in a pleasing way. He says the more consistently victorious your people are, the higher you rise in the organization. When the manager praises you, he looks you right in the eye and tells you what you did right and how he felt about it. Praising always need to be immediate. One Minute Praising works well when you tell them face to face how they are doing, what they did right, how good you feel about that action, encourage them to d o more of the same, and shake hands or make contact in a way that is clear that you support their success in the organization.After he went to see Mr. Trenell and Mr. Levy, he went to cast Gomez instead of Miss Brown. He asked Miss Gomez if they had the best equipment and if the manager loses a lot of people. Miss Gomez replied and said that they dont have the best equipment and that people that leave the One Minute Manager get their own operation because they dont need a manager. After a while, he noticed that Miss Gomez was busier and more unorganized than the manager actually was. The next morning he went to see Miss Brown to find out what the third secret was to becoming a One Minute Manager. The third secret was One Minute Reprimands. This is when a subordinate makes a mistake and the manager responds quickly. As soon as he has knowledge of the mistake he will come to see you and confirm the actualities. He looks you in the eyes and tells you what you did wrong and how he feel s about it. The Reprimand takes about 30 seconds.After he tells you how he feels, he gives it a minute to let it descend into you. The minute manager does not tackle the person but their behaviour. When the Reprimand is over, Miss Brown says that the One Minute Manager has taught them the encourage of being able to laugh at themselves when they make a mistake. It helps them to make progress with their work. The one minute reprimand works well when you tell people early how they are doing inthe organization. The Reprimand includes two halves. The first half is to Reprimand immediately, tell people what they did wrong, tell them how you feel when they did wrong, and to stop for a few seconds of rocky silence to let them feel how you feel. The second half is to shake hands, or touch them to make them know you are on their side, remind them of how much you value them, reaffirm them of how you think of them, and realize that when the Reprimand is over, that it is actually over and the re is no turning back.The manager, after all of those meetings, explained all the secrets to the man after meeting with Miss Brown. He explained in detail why you set One Minute Goals, One Minute Praising, and One Minute Reprimands. One Minute Goals are there to ensure that your employees know what you are asking of them and the goals they need to achieve within the organization. You give One Minute Praising to ensure the employees of their right conduct and to encourage them to enhance their performance. You give One Minute Reprimand to tell them what they did wrong and that they can do better. Finally, the man got a job at the manager organization as a One Minute Manager.

Nuclear Bomb

The invention of nuclear bomb has been one of the most significant events in the invoice of humanity. It not only changed the conduct of military warfare, but also completely transformed the geo-political equation by placing humanitys level of govern on its own future through coming in possession of such omni potent means that could wipe out every form of animation from earth overnight. The memories of the atomic attack on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki contribute lived as a constant reminder of the supreme havoc that atomic bombs can inflict. These memories are strengthen further by the repeated instances of nuclear testing and research into the production of atomic weapons that are much to a greater extent powerful and lethal in comparability of their predecessors.The pursuance of the research into atomic and nuclear weapons, or the weapons of mass destruction, has created a deep ideological and political divide in the world. On the one strive are people supporting nuclear weapon s, arguing them as essential tools to maintain prospects of global slumber and also as means to ensure the safe of nations possessing them. While on the other side are people, who see nuclear weapons inherently as a threat to the survival of mankind and campaigning for a world without fear and apprehensions for a world of the post nuclear age where the veil of the threat of an impending catastrophe is forever lifted over.This paper shall formulation into the debate on the nuclear policy and relevance of nuclear weapons as a medium to ensure global peace, while critically evaluating the arguments presented on two the sides. It shall also look into the prospects of a nuclear renounce world and the visions such world entails for humanity.Constructing a nuclear doctrineThe debate on the feasibility and advantage of nuclear weapons has raged since the day the first military use of nuclear weapons was reported on 6th August, 2006 (Katz, 1987). The standard argument of the advocates of nuclear doctrine have concentrate on on the deterrent effect of the nuclear weapons against any potential attack or threat of aggression (Franklin, 1991). One of the most frequently cited example is that of usage played by nuclear weapons in bringing a swift end to the Second World War, with minimum possible casualty in the figure out (Graham, 2005). They validly argue that without the strikes, Japan would have continued to fight till the last man down, taking up the number of casualties on both sides as well as war expenditures to enormous levels (Franklin, 1991).Since then, the nuclear doctrine has been religiously incorporated in the defense strategy of every major nation, with immense belles-lettres created to cite the absolutely necessity and inevitability of nuclear weapons as the only possibly personal manner to ensure global peace and a war free world (Franklin, 1991). Post the end of the Cold War proponents of the nuclear policy have further argued the necessity of effective nuclear policy, especially in the becharm of the dangers posted by spilling of nuclear weapons in the hands of some of the non responsible nations (Graham, 2005).However, the doctrine of nuclear deterrence has been severely arraigned by the critics for its short comings and narrow visions that it get through of subtlety of world geo-politics and the overly simplistic way in which it treats the question of deterrence and global peace (Gottemoeller, 2002 ). Nuclear policy and the race on construct up nuclear arsenal have been criticized from ethical, moral, political, practical and strategic point of view over more than half a century, especially in the background of the modern history of humanity that has been torn apart by unimaginable horrors of wars and genocide in the 20th century (Muller, 2004).Thinkers, intellectuals and scientists and many military strategists have potently argued for a nuclear free world, based on the strong premises that peace is impossible t o achieve from those tools that have capacity to utterly destroy life (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002 Cortright, 1999). Their argument is persuasive to reason as it is ironical as a concept and theory to achieve peace by destruction. The only probable way by which nuclear weapons can bring peace is through complete annihilation of people, creating a world where no life would exists to conflict and compete.Even the history of the post nuclear world does not inspire any confidence in the effectiveness of nuclear weapons as a deterrent (Graham, 2005). In more than sixty years after the end of Second World War, innumerable conflicts and at least three wars of international proportion, involving nations equipped with nuclear power have belied the theory that nuclear weapons can act as any potential deterrent to wars (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002).It only creates a danger in escalation of threats of nuclear arm race, where nations without nuclear weapons are trying to possess these coveted means of mass destruction, to create a world of nuclear mutual self destruction (Franklin, 2002). Its a fact that engineering science can not be limited as a prerogative to a limited number of nations, as the this dangerous technology spreads out, there are every possible chances that it can be utilized by at some point of time, by some irresponsible and incomprehensible regime to create a havoc of unparalleled magnitude (Muller, 2004).The theory of nuclear deterrence also looses its credibility in the face of rise of act of terrorism as the new danger facing the new world (Graham, 2005). Nuclear deterrence did not act as any deterrent to the attack on the World Trade Centers in 2001, or in London bombing in 2006. On the contrary they create a new and infinitely more powerful threat where possible proliferation of nuclear weapons to terrorist groups can jeopardize the entire concept of national defense strategies of many nations.ConclusionNuclear weapons can not act as means to achiev e global peace. They are weapons of mass destruction, weapons that can kill hundred of thousands of people instantly, razing civilizations to dust, leaving behind final stage and a scarred earth that would be inhabitable for many generations. This trail of death can not be a harbinger of peace. Global peace can only be achieved by systematic end of nuclear arsenals, and strictly banning the research, testing and possession of nuclear weapons.ReferenceH. Bruce Franklin. 1991.The Nightmare Considered unfavourable Essays on Nuclear War Literature. Nancy Anisfield editor. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Bowling Green, OH.Gottemoeller. Rose. 2002. Tactical Nuclear Weapons Time for Control. Taina Susiluoto editor. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. power of Publication Geneva.Milton S. Katz. 1987. Ban the Bomb A History of SANE, the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. Praeger. New York.Richard R. Muller. 2004. Getting Mad A Nuclear mutual Assured Destr uction, Its Origins and Practice. Henry D. Sokolski editor. Strategic Studies Institute. Carlisle Barracks, PA.Stephen J. Cimbala and Scouras, J. 2002. A New Nuclear Century Strategic Stability and Arms Control. Praeger. Westport, CT.Thomas Graham Jr. 2005. Sixty years After Hiroshima, A Nuclear Era. Current History. Research Library Core.David Cortright. 1999. Ban the Bomb. Sojourner. Humanities Module.

Green Practices and Their Benefits on the Environment Essay

Every country is gift with rich inseparable resources which discount greatly affect the countrys competence indoors the international economic argonna. Each country is highly dependent upon the lifelike resources that it owns. These natural resources are being employd to aid the countrys needs in order to strengthen their economy. Thus in order to make full engagement of natural resources, mavin must be keen in protecting the surround. The surroundings shelters all the resources that pile need in order to sustain life.Thus damaging the surroundings can create strong obstinate effect on the world needs and well-being. However, the seemingly rapid emergence within the field of industry and technology diverted the societys ken on the importance of environs protection. The discoery of new technological innovations attracted people towards adapting new ways and processes unmindful of the possible threats that these new inventions may bring to the environment. And over ti me, scientific discoveries have ca holdd the deterioration and depletion of important natural resources.Alongside these innovations and the discovery of the harmful effects that these developments have inflicted on the environment, comes the need for increased awareness and clientele in protecting the environment. If people impart not learn how to control their utilization of the environment and the proper way of extracting uses from it, the spirits gift endowed for the compassionates to make use of shall soon become scarce and volition eventually die out completely. From this truth and realizations, certain organizations have emerged to save the environment from further abuse.Environmentalist groups have surfaced in order to prevent the environment from continuous depletion. These environmentalists were formed under the bond of concern for the environment, primarily towards ensuring the preservation, restoration, or the improvement of the natural environment (Rozeff, 2007). T hese groups of people hold advocacies in order to create a strong stand in promoting their cause and ideals. In addition to this, young companies have also been set up in order to fight for this cause.These companies are those who have responded to the need of protecting the environment, and those who have believed that doing much(prenominal) shall become well-disposed to them in the future. And as such, these environmentalist organizations and green companies have devised of ways to protect the environment while however reaping the benefits from rich natural resources. In this light, site submition programs are being done in order to add protection to land, piss and air resources.These programs are geared towards strongly monitoring the status of natural environment with respect to its utilization, acts ensuring replenishment and maintenance and improvement of such resources ( dark-green Remediation, 2008). Ecological and Soil Preservation The importance of preserving land formations translates into the preservation of the ecology in general. Land resources serve as the widest form of habitats for most of living organisms within the ecosystem. Thus, ensuring that the natural habitats are being well taken cared of allow for help deem biodiversity which will benefit humans and other forms of living organisms.One way of ecological and reproach preservation is through the use of grassfarming. Grassfarming, when done in a proper way will ensue to a net benefit in the environment. Animals raised through this process shall help in lessening the use of fossil fuels. Furthermore, development of pasture of this kind helps to reduce the occurrences of soil erosion. With the join States losing a significant mass of soil either year, diversion from the conventional ways of cropping and instead resorting towards row cropping will eventually lessen the assess of soil loss by up to 93 percent (Grassfarming Benefits the Environment, 2008).In addition to this, crop pasture will also help in removing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Furthermore, grassfarming helps in reduce greenhouse gases thus eventually slowing down the account of global warming (Grassfarming Benefits the Environment, 2008). Another way of preventing soil erosion is through tree trimming, tree planting and landscaping. While these processes keep soil erosion at a lesser rate and percentage, these also serve the purpose of beautifying the surrounding.While these work to create a more beautiful environment, these also increase the dependability of environment by strengthening and further enrichment of the resources available to humans (Tree Trimming and Landscaping Balancing Beauty and Reliability, 2008). In general, the protection of ecology and soil preservation will eventually lead to the following increase in wildlife habitat, reduce wind, water and soil erosion, decrease in carbon emission, protection of water resources and the establishment and development of g reenspaces corridors ( parking lot Remediation, 2008).The most important amongst these positive effects in the environment is that while the environment beautifies and becomes more useful for the people, the people will have a great sense of property values. And as such, the community will have a better perception of the advantages that a green environment will serve for them. Water Preservation and Conservation Preservation of aqua life is also equally as important in maintaining a wakeless environment. Developments in the society have pushed people towards over consumption of water resources.In addition, the commercialization rampant in every country has turned every water resource into either an industrial or commercial site. Thus, actions are needed towards recovering and conserving what is left of the planets water resources. In united States, the campaign in passing a National Healthy Oceans Act is being pushed. It is believed that upon the approval of the act, a cohesive n ational policy will be pushed to revitalize and revive the oceans. If this materializes, the protection of what is left in the countrys marine life shall be restored and protected (Ocean Solutions, n.d). In addition to this act, the development of underwater parks is also being suggested. The establishment of protected marine areas shall help preserve the rich marine life by allowing marine species to reproduce, thus providing a more balanced and divers(prenominal) marine ecosystem (Ocean Solutions, n. d). In line with this, certain policies are also pushed which shall ensure that destructive fishing shall be stopped and violators will be properly reprimanded. It is necessary to know that use of destructive fishing will deliberately decrease marine diversity.Such policies will also promote for the prevention of occurrences of water pollution. Water pollution further hastens the development of water damage to natural systems. Thus, the government has provided ways to ensure that sew er systems are being monitored in order to prevent leakages that can further contribute to marine death. In addition to these, several conservation designs have been suggested in order to strengthen the campaign of water resources protection. These conservation designs include the formation of clusters and landscapes which shall enable the prevention of excessive water runoffs.Examples of these landscapes include trenches, basins, rain gardens and vegetated treatment systems among the others (Green Remediation, 2008). Moreover, military sonars are being put under restrictions. Military activities over time were proven to have induced harmful effects upon water resources, and as such, activities of this kind must be minimized. If these steps shall be taken, people can help curb the probable adverse effects of global warming. At the rate that global warming is currently occurring in the planet, the planets aquamarine resources are predicted to suffer from grave effects it may bring.Th us, being keen in preventing the further intoxication of the marine resources through excessive emission of carbon dioxide in bodies of water, people can help in sustaining and protecting the growth of diverse biofuels (Ocean Solutions, n. d). Air Quality Protection Every individual needs abstemious air in order to attain a healthy life. Maintaining the natural ecology by giving priority in the protection of trees also helps in cleaning the planets air resources. However, there are direct plans which can be done in order to strengthen the societys position in keeping the atmosphere free from toxic gases.Green remediation activities that come in forms of certain policies can enormously aid in building standards necessary for protecting the atmosphere. Provisions made under new Air Act, Energy Policy Act and Energy Independence and Security Act are few of the policy programs which if followed can assist in maintaining clean air within the country (Green Remediation, 2008). Through t hese acts, it will be made clear that equipments needed in the manufacturing industry will be canvas to make sure that companies comply in the reduced emission of harmful gases.These efforts will ensure that heavy equipments and vehicles are functioning properly in such a way that air protection opportunities are being guaranteed to work. Waste Management Given the three important aspects of environment which greatly need direction and protection, a proper and efficient waste management system also contributes to the prevention of environmental degradation. Aside from direct plans involving the environmental maintenance and revival, there are also activities which are seeking to prevent further degradation of the surroundings.In this light, an activity such as Reduce, Reuse and Recycle program is being initiated which is expect to increase the environments sustenance against pollution. In the event that this will be strictly observed, this will be of great help in move waste redu ction by recycling materials that can still used (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, 2008). Thus, such activity will help save environment and at the same time, it will also help alleviate poverty by making use of trash materials as a source of livelihood.In general, a feasible waste management practice must take into consideration the opportunity of giving a worthy cause for livelihood while eliminating the threats to the environment. Ideally, an effective waste management system is geared towards (1) conserving landfill space (2) reducing the environmental impacts coming from wastes while reducing the cost of producing new materials from old and used materials and (3) reducing the overall project expenses by avoiding new and more expensive purchases and unnecessary disposal costs (Green Remediation, 2008).A Sustainable Development A greater understanding of the environments delicateness and vulnerability will lead the people towards the developing a greater sense of concern with how one m akes positive use of the rich natural resources provided by the environment. However, even if the people will make use of environmental resources with outmost caution, there are resources that are cannot be re-create and replenished, or resources that take too long before they can be replenished.This then brings into light the importance of how to use our resources in a sustainable way. though resources may be renewed and replenished, it is still necessary to know how to use them properly while allotting time for these resources to be replenished according to the pace that suits them. Trees and forest militia are examples of renewable resources. While trees and forest can always be replenished, humans who make use of it should be careful in consuming the fertility rate and wealth that these resources provide us.As such, people must be keen on knowing when it is time to start making actions towards ensuring that such resources will be given an ample time to replenish that resource s that have already been utilized by humans. Consequently, nonrenewable resources are also present in the environment. These include the natures fossil reserves. Fossil fuels though are still currently rampant within the environment are nonrenewable resources, which if used inappropriately will soon become scarce.Thus, it is the obligation of human beings to know how to carefully and prudently use these resources in such a way that future generations will still have enough to make use of for their own development. In this light, renewable verve resources must be integrated properly to ensure future teemingness and proliferation. And on the other hand, alternatives must be provided as replacements to nonrenewable resources. The utilization of solar and wind alternatives can be useful instead of continuously relying to nonrenewable fossil reserves as energy sources (Green Remediation, 2008).Thus, if these are given proper attention, while prolonging the life of the natures nonrenewa ble resources and protecting the environment, this can also help the economy in reducing country costs and liabilities. Ideally, an effective system in managing renewable and nonrenewable energy sources may result in the (1) decrease in fossil fuel prices while ensuring long-term benefits and cost savings (2) lowering the demand and reliability on traditional energy resources (3) reducing the emissions from fossil fuel consumption and (4) widening the opportunities for new market and job creation (Green Remediation, 2008).Environment Protection Translation Towards Human and frugal Development As previously mentioned, the planets rich natural resources serve as the peoples basic source of livelihood. Without these resources, people will be left with nothing to feed on, no shelter and no means to survive. Thus, it is widely believed that poverty and environment are two interrelated concepts that humans must be able to grasp in order to attain the fullest potential that humans can att ain.A report following the researches conducted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) concluded that to be able to battle poverty, people must turn towards environmental protection. The relationship between the two is linked in a downward spiral wherein the poorest among the nation are those who have extracted their environmental resources towards the limits without being keen on replenishing them. Thus, environmental degradation has further impoverished people due to lack of education and knowledge to keep the resources alive (UNDP-EC Poverty and Environment Initiative, 2004).Thus, the goal set up by the UNDP Environment Initiative is to provide practitioners and policy makers in identifying solutions towards equipping the people with proper knowledge on how to take care of natural resources while allowing them the privilege of making use of the environments richness. Given the immense importance of environmental resources to the lives of every people living in the pla net, it is of great necessity that people must learn how to utilize these resources in such a way that the environment retains its healthy form and condition.The processes, policies and projects stated beforehand are bright solutions towards maintaining a sustainable development. The environment is one of the best gifts bestowed upon human beings. Observing green practices and making sure that environmental protection is put at first priority on top of human selfishness and recklessness will benefit not only the environment itself, but more specially human beings who are largely dependent on the gifts that environment provides.ReferencesGrassfarming Benefits the Environment. (2008). Eatwild. Retrieved July 29, 2008, from http//www. eatwild. com/environment. hypertext mark-up language Green Remediation Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices Into Remediation of Contaminated Sites. (2008). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Ocean Solutions. (n. d) NRDC. Retrieve d July 29, 2008, from http//oceans. nrdc. org/solutions Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. (2008) The Green Flag Program. Retrieved July 29, 2008, from http//www. greenflagschools. org/mshs/project_areas/ Rozeff, M. S. (2007) What is Environmentalism? LewRockwell. com. Retrieved July 29, 2008, from http//www. lewrockwell. com/rozeff/rozeff151.html Tree Trimming and Landscaping Balancing Beauty and Reliability. (2008) Knoxville Utilities Board. Retrieved July 29, 2008, from http//www. kub. org/wps/portal/ ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gPC1OnYE8TIwMDlwAnAyMfl1BLU1c3D1cPA_1wkA68KvDKG-GXDzQzhMgb4ACOBvp-Hvm5qfoF2dlBHuWOigCUwDZj/dl2/d1/L3dJMjJZZyEhL0lCakFBQVFnQUlUQ0FBaUNJQUNBb2dBSUJ1d0FDR0EhL1lCcDNwSnchLzZfSDg1QlNJNDIwMERQQjAyTERVOTVFRkhFNjA / UNDP-EC Poverty and Environment Initiative. (2004) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved July 30, 2008, from http//www. undp. org/seed/pei/

Am Certain and It Is Certain

Two very specific different messages be conveyed when one says l am certain versus it is certain. When one says l am certain, it is understood by the recipient to mean that the individual is in the highest mental state of being without a doubt. However, this differs from It Is certain because the word It Implies a consensus genteel, an agreement, without a doubt, between many reality In making a knowledge claim. In both cases a knowledge claim Is being made with confidence, but one persons certainty Is ground on the Individuals perception, Intuition. Season or emotion, whereas a whole group of mankind making a knowledge claim depends on many different peoples perceptions, reasons, and emotions. Since a great number of people consists of many individuals and their unique perceptions, reasons, and emotions, when a knowledge claim is made by all, the claim is transferred from simply a belief to a Justified belief. However, even though the number of people may vary from one to many, w e must take into consideration the fact that there are confused degrees of certainty.How would one quantify amount of certainty one holds, or be able to create a universal scale for measuring degrees of certainty? certainty within a people or an individual can have been rooted from many efferent factors, of which one is fanatical conviction. The question, addressing passionate conviction, Inquires whether It Is ever capable for Justifying knowledge claim. The question Is Implying whether passionate conviction alone, not Including reason, is sufficient for justifying knowledge claims.Passionate conviction that does not take root in reason must be coming from solely the emotional state, which is not sufficient for Justifying knowledge in most cases because further evidence should be presented and should be able to be concord upon from ones perception (if possible ND reason. l am passionately convinced that daffodils bloom in the springtime is a knowledge claim that is based on re ason and perception, which fuel the passionate conviction.However, passionate conviction that isnt based on other ways of knowing is usually not sufficient for Justifying claims. However, there are a few instances where passionate convictions may be sufficient for Justifying knowledge. Since passionate conviction Is rooted In emotion, an emotion can dictate your passionate conviction. If I feel empathy for someone being treated abusively, my passionate invention may be enough to Justify my knowledge that the other person desires to not De gift tongue ten solution.However, tender are, again many Deterrent levels AT passionate conviction. How would you measure the degree of passionate conviction? Furthermore, is one basis for passionate conviction more valuable than another basis for passionate conviction, and does that change the strength of ones passionate conviction? These are a few knowledge issues that take aim to be identified and taken into consideration when deciding whether passionate conviction is sufficient for justifying knowledge.

Medieval and early modern Essay

The knightly and previous(predicate) modern periods were eras with distinctive issues and ideals. Some of their key themes were very similar, such(prenominal) as the importance of religion and the role it adopted in everyday emotional state, while other matters were unique to their time, such as the gallant selling of indulgences, or the early modern Reformation of the Church. These examples illustrate clearly the mixture of adjustment and stasis in the ii ages, as a subject sh atomic number 18d by both periods yielded so great a diversity of issues. The distinction of the eras makes it evident that some change did occur, but as the period of time between them was not very great, the change must be particular. Everyman and Dr Faustus are respectively medieval and early modern drama texts that share common issues. However, the way in which they handle them varies, and allows an exploration of whether the state and culture of the medieval and early modern period differed by s light degree or strict demarcation.The medieval age of English history is epitomised as a strongly religious time, where Christianity provided a strict identity and purpose in life. Belief in Heaven, Hell and Judgement was very real, as was the constant quantity fear of sin and damnation. The Church was able to manipulate the devout faith of its followers by selling fake holy relics and religious indulgences. The laymen believed it was necessary for them to see such items in order to purify themselves of sin, and enter Heaven without suffering through Purgatory. Medieval drama did much to reinforce these beliefs, being completely liturgical. morals plays were first performed at religious holidays, and warned audiences about sin and salvation, with personification of the psychomachia. They all shared a highly similar narrative structure as cracking and evil battled for the soul of an initially virtuous man who had become caught in vice. This person represented the whole of humani ty, and the play would show how, despite temptation and with the facilitate of Christian values, he realised his error and won salvation.By the early modern era, neither the faith in Christ nor in Judgement had diminished, but the understanding of them had altered. People became frustrated with the ecclesiastical despotism that was rife in the established Church, and there was widespread dissatisfaction with the papalorganisation which, according to Erasmus, was felt to be dominated by ignorant monks. The subsequent Reformation changed the form and understanding of religion, making it more accessible to the average person by removing the intercessory functions of priests and bishops, and giving ordinary bicycle people more control over their spiritual state. This religious change also had political implications. The disestablishment of the Church created a degree of civil unrest among Catholic and Protestant groups, as factions sprang up with each viewing the other as traitorous, e ither to England or to God. However, this was not the only face of the early modern era. As the beginning of the Renaissance, it was also a time of heady intoxication withlearning anddiscovery. The exploits of the European sailors and the excitement over newfangled civilisations are allegorised by Faustus discovery of dissimulation and the male monarch it wields.As a liturgical religion play, Everyman submits itself fully to the pre-Reformation teachings, and absorbs the conventional attitudes. It was written to encourage medieval audiences to a waste material pursuits, and to ensure they involved themselves in good deeds and were prepared for Judgement. Death was a constant escort in medieval England, and could be expected at any time. As such, Everyman does not convey fear of death itself, but earlier of how God will judge man after it, as the protagonist proclaims Full unready I am such reckoning to give and begs for more time in which to make his counting-bookso clear Tha t my reckoning I should not need to fear. To achieve this salvation, Everyman is assured to turn to the Catholic rites of confession and penance, and to scourge himself to remove his sins. As Cawley highlights in his introduction, morality plays were less interested in mans e blindhly life than in his spiritual welfare in the life to come.Religion is as prominent in have-to doe with Faustus, but Marlowe presents a contrasting attitude to that of Everyman. His play provides a mocking critique of religious customs, and particularly ridicules Catholic rituals. Marlowe dresses Mephostophilis in the habit of an old Francis deal friar, as Faustus comments That holy shape becomes a irritate best, illustrating an air of contempt for the Catholic clergy. He further associates Catholicism withevil and devilry as he conjures Mephostophilis by chanting in Latin, the language of the Catholic Church. This mockery of Catholicism may be testament to contemporary social attitudes rather than the personal view of Marlowe himself.In the medieval era, it was highly uncommon for anybody to tell out against the Church, either through fear or because it was all they knew, but the Reformation encouraged writers to criticise the papacy and the earlier Church, often as a form of public entertainment. Writers often allied Catholic characters with themes of idiocy or ineptitude, as Marlowe does in his introduceal of Pope Adrian as a humourless megalomaniac, voidof commonsense . Marlowe manipulated the public disdain of Catholicism to criticise established religion in general, challenging many commonly held views, especially regarding forgiveness and salvation.Everymans substitution theme suggests that Gods mercy always allows sinners to repent, regardless of how much wrong they have d ane. This belief is illustrated when, despite Death telling Everyman to Come hence, and not tarry, Everyman is able to go to Confession and purify himself from sin. Knowledge, Beauty, Strength, Discre tion and the Five Wits are sent to accompany him to the grave, helping Everyman to realise Gods compassion. high-priced Deeds guide Everyman into the grave and beyond, providing protection and support when he needs it. In comparison, Faustus also finds that he is sent good forces to protect him from eternal damnation. Unfortunately, these forces are not strong enough to withstand Mephostophilis.The latters evil and cunning defeat nature itself, as he dissolves Faustus congealed blood with a chafer of unearthly fire to ensure Faustus bequeaths his soul to Lucifer. A good Angel and a pious Old Man are also sent to speech Faustus soul, but their efforts are overcome just as quickly, as the devils entice Faustus with hellish delights and overpower his weak soul. The Good Angel urges Faustus to leave that execrable art and turn to repentance, but each time Faustus considers prayer the Bad Angel dispirits him, dramatising the internal battles raging within the protagonists soul.Marlowe does not conclude that everyone can find redemption in God, as despite striving to turn to Him in his final moments, Faustus is torn apart by devils and condemned eternally. The playwright provides a distrustful view ofsalvation, as the Good Angel and the Old Man fail to save Faustus, despite seemingly plotting as much as Mephostophilis to win the protagonists soul. Marlowe provides further dubious similarity between the two sides, as in their last scene the angels appear to work almost as one, comple psychic each others speeches and reinforcing the similar message that it is too late for Faustus to repent. The play appears to be concerned with punishment rather than deliverance and salvation, as Faustus is warned that He who loves pleasure must for pleasure fall. In contrast, Everyman is forgiven for a lifetime of sin in his last few moments.Although both plays treat the same ideas of religion and redemption, they portray divergent views. This may be explained by the contempora ry change in religious understanding. Some scholars argued that peoples destinies were predetermined, regardless of their actions, while others claimed there was want for everybody. As Lester notes in his introduction, medieval writers believed that because of mankinds fallen state, man relied on the grace and salvation earned by Christ and ministered by the Church. In this respect, the distinction between medieval and early modern seems to be vast. However, the fact that both plays have handled the same issues, albeit in different ways, suggests that the difference is of degree rather than demarcation.As well as the religious elements, Doctor Faustus incorporates Renaissance themes of discovery and knowledge, as Faustus finds a world of profit and delight, of power, of honour, of omnipotence has opened to him. Fundamentally, it is a craving for eventual(prenominal) knowledge that drives Faustus to necromancy, as he proclaims, A sound magician is a demi-god here tire my brains to gain a deity By integrating such humanist ideals into the play, Marlowe creates a dimensional personality for Faustus, which the audience can appreciate and respond to. They witness the development of the character, forcing them to become emotionally involved in the mental turmoil he endures, and retentiveness them engrossed until the very last line of the play. Professor Bradbrook suggests that Doctor Faustus is primarily an examination of the protagonists mental development, rather than simplythe form of Faustus fortunes. The rationale behind Faustus detailed growth is that it makes him a real person, with whose experiences the audience can sympathise.Everymans character is not developed in the way his counterparts is. He is generic and seen as part of the wider universe rather than as an individual. The dramatist has been careful to portray Everyman as vocalism of mankind rather than as a character in his own right. He is not given a personal history nor is any indicator provi ded that might differentiate him from anybody, with the effect of making Everyman relevant to all audience members. He personifies every man and the trials of every person. His example can be employ to anybody, and everybody can see that the salvation he reaches is available to them as well. In this manner, Everyman is as accessible to the audience as Faustus is, although in different ways and with fluctuation purposes fulfilled.There are further similarities between the medieval and early modern plays, some of which have been adopted directly from the former. The use of allegorical and highly operating(a) characters is prevalent in both plays, although it is not as common among other Renaissance texts. In Everyman, each character serves a distinct purpose, showing Everyman how he has misplaced his trust in worldly matters and must turn to Christian teachings for salvation. Fellowship and Kinship tempt Everyman astray by offering to distract him with feasting, inebriation and wo men. Even material Beauty and Knowledge cannot help him, leaving Everyman to seek out Confession, Contrition and Good Deeds. Doctor Faustus is very much in keeping with this medieval attribute.Mephostophilis is the embodiment of temptation, as he distracts Faustus from repentance whenever he feels the protagonist waver, and later admits Twas I that, when thou wert I the way to heavenled thine eye. The Good Angel and Old Man are personifications of good, devout Christians who try to save Faustus. They too can be seen as tempters, as they try to win his soul. The two plays also share personification of the Seven Deadly Sins. Mephostophilis conjures them as a distraction for Faustus, allowing him to delight in the sins, while in Everyman the sins are allegorised in the doings of the protagonists dearest people and possessions, suggesting that Everyman has allowed the sins to master him.As well as thematic similarities, there are several production parallels between the medieval and e arly modern drama. However, these are veiled bythe immense changes that occurred on the stage in the intervening years. Before the Renaissance, plays were performed on and around large wagons, which were carted from one designated area to other. The set was very simple for transportation purposes, but this helped make it apprehendable for the common peasants. The staging was very different for Doctor Faustus, but some of the same ideas regarding spacing and costumes were used.The pageant-wagons had to make use of limited space, and used an upper room to serve as a balcony, heaven, or a distant location. In later theatre the same concept was utilised, with a single spot serving a multitude of functions. Costumes were also sparse, but symbolic props indicated particular roles and characters, another theatrical convention that early modern dramatists relied upon before professional actors were hired in the permanent theatres, and elaborate costumes and sets were made. The new theatres allowed more believable storylines to develop as settings and characters became more realistic, allowing the fiery devils of Doctor Faustus to achieve their optimum effect.However, there is one dramatic convention that is key to Doctor Faustus, which was not common in medieval works. Faustus soliloquies provide an insight to his character that cannot be gained in morality plays, and are actually symbolic of tragedies. While Everymans genre is made clear by its fully functional characters and its reliance on the protagonists generic nature, Marlowes play balances medieval aspects with contemporary humanist elements and manages to create a new genre that combines elements of morality and tragedy, creating an increasingly real persona. Faustus is distinguished from his medieval counterpart by his illustration of the psychology and passions that drive him. He concedes to his hubris and allows his ambition and lust for power to destroy him, something Everyman cannot do. The tragedy elem ent is vital to Doctor Faustus as that is what gives it the memorable depth and allows the drama to move away from being a simple morality play.In conclusion, it is evident that despite their classification as two separate periods, the medieval and the early modern eras share many themes and issues. Their similarities are not limited to literal points, andincorporate social and customary ones. The eras do have their differences, as is illustrated by their distinction and by their changing contemporary outlooks. Marlowes handling of the plays shared subjects differs from that of Everymans, as the former had a variant combination of social factors to draw his conclusions from. However, the time lapse between the two periods was not great enough to reassert a complete overhaul of thinking and customs. As Cookson realises, the traditions of the Middle Ages still weighed heavily over the early modern writers. At the point at which Doctor Faustus was composed, the difference between medi eval and early modern was still of degree rather than strict demarcation.BibliographyBradbrook,MC Themes and Conventions of Elizabethan Tragedy 2nd Edition (Newcastle Cambridge University Press, 1990)Cawley,AC (ed.) Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays (London Everymans Library, 1967)Cookson,L Doctor Faustus (Hong Kong Longman Group UK, 1987)Davies,T Humanism (New York Routledge, 1997)Henderson,P Christopher Marlowe (London Longmans, Green & Co, 1966)Lester,GA (ed.) Three Late Medieval Morality Plays (London Ernest Benn, 1981)

Autism – General Overview of Autism

General Overview of Autism What is Autism? Autism is defined as a disorder of early development that causes severe problems in thinking, communicating with others, and touch perception a part of the outside world (Autism 2009). A person diagnosed with autism has a brain abnormality that affects normal brain function (Nordquist 2009). Most diagnoses of autism atomic number 18 normally never the same, even though, the types are generally similar. Autism must non be confused with infanthood schizophrenia or mental retardation, though the actions of youngsterren with these circumstances are sometimes related to that of autistic pip-squeakren (Autism 2009).Autism prevents tikeren from developing normal social relationships, even with their parents (Autism 2009). Infants and Autism Autism is generally not diagnosed until two or three years old, but thither is an uttermost(a)ly controversial argument on whether or not it could be diagnosed in infants. According to Canadian researc hers, they could already see signs and symptoms of autism in infants at somewhat six months old (Boyles 2005). The researchers believe that the infant is already predisposed with abnormal brain development inside their mothers womb.The infants that Canadian researchers experimented were only exceptional to families that already had an older child born with autism (Boyles 2005). According to research conducted in an article of Developmental Psychology, it is not possible to diagnose and infant with autism (Charman et al. ,1997). The researchers conducted a ingest on thirty eight boys, separated into three unalike throngs Autism Risk Group, Developmental Delay Group, and Normal Group. The studies were based upon four different criteria Empathy, Pretend Play, common Attention, and Imitation (Charman et al. 1997). Based on their results, it was not evident t to say whether or not a child could be diagnosed with Autism. This based upon the findings that children in the autism group and children in the developmental stand up group were indistinguishable and the scorings were far too similar (Charman et al. , 1997) In another study conducted by Dalery et al. , they compared young children and infants who were clinically diagnosed with autism or developmental delay (DD).The researchers were trying to differentiate whether the existence of symptoms of autism making it possible to be a different developmental disorder and whether or not the symptoms growth with age (Dalery et al. 2006). In the results from children under 26 months, the findings were insignificant and eerily similar to the experiment conducted by Chairman et al. They were unable to determine if the clear signs of developmental delay or autism were definite (Dalery et al. 2006). Symptoms of Autism Children diagnosed with Autism act differently from one another and no two autistic children scram the same symptoms or act the same (CDC 2007).Children with Autism have severe impairments with social, emotional, and communication skills. Some have difficulty accomplishing everyday tasks and have to maintain a consistent day to day routine (CDC 2007). A symptom of autism that affects many autistic children is they have an intricate time holding a conversation. Thus, they tend to have a hard time making friends because of this impairment (CDC 2007). other symptom of autism is repetitious bearing. This causes a stimulating effect on the child (CDC 2007). For example, a child may consistently rock back and forth, or deliberate the pages of a book over and over again.Autistic children have a difficult time managing in an everyday life. Once a child is diagnosed with autism, (usually between the ages of 2-4), it girdle with them for the remainder of their lives (CDC 2007). With the various symptoms of autism, repetitive behavior seems to be the most consistent symptom that is distinguishable in almost all autistic patients (Gray et al. 1995). To determine whether or not this is tr ue, research was conducted in Australia. The researchers wanted to determine if repetitive behavior was a distinguishable sign of autism in children less than 51 months.Since there are many different types of repetitive behavior, the different types were classified into two categories higher and lower levels of repetitive behavior (Gray et al. 1995). According to Gray et al. , higher level repetitive behavior is highly consistent with autistic children under the age of 51 months. Low level repetitive behavior was not a direct diagnosis with autism. A significant number of children with other developmental delay disorders often demonstrated aspects of lower level repetitive behavior (Gray et al. 1995). Autism and Public SchoolingWhen a parents makes the close to enroll their autistic child into public school, it is often a difficult decision. Sometimes the decision is made because the parent does not have the means to station their child to a school specialized for autistic childr en. Other times it is because many autistic designed schools only accept unique or extreme cases and their child do not meet the requirements (Rudy 2009). Even though a public school is required to give adequate education to a child with a learning disability, how does the parent know what is adequate to the teacher (Rudy 2009)?A positive aspect of public schools is that children with autism can interact with normal developing peers. Researchers beg that this type of interaction may provide opportunities for building relationships and developing social and communicative behaviors, in response both to the demands made by mainstream peers and the modeling their behavior provides (Whitaker 2004). In a study conducted by Whitaker, the mainstream peers developed a routine with the autistic children. The mainstream peers seemed to understand and learn the routines of the autistic peer.Whether or not the autistic child received any awareness or pleasure from this type of interaction was harder to detect, even though they appeared to be enjoying themselves (Whitaker 2004). Parents of Children with Autism It is devastating for a parent to learn that their child has a severe health problem or developmental disability (Parenting a Child with Autism 2007). The first question that arises is, How can we cure it? , but autism is not curable. In the beginning, parents often find some kind of support to help them cut with the discovery or having an autistic child.They also need to fix themselves as much as possible and decide what is best for the child (Parenting a Child with Autism 2007). D. E. Gray conducts a study to see how parents of autistic children cope with their childs illness over time. Between 1988 and 1990, he begins his study and the sample included 28 parents of autistic children. In the beginning, parents used 51 different methods to cope with the discovery of their childs illness. D. E. Gray followed-up with these parents 8-12 years later and the methods p arents used decreased dramatically to 27.Parents learned to cope with their childs autism throughout time. Maybe this was repayable to the fact that the child had become less disruptive and was more orderly in their habits (D. E. Gray 2006). It also may have been due to the fact that their children were enrolled in special schools (only one was enrolled in public schools). In the beginning, parents still had to adapt to the changes in their environment and with their child. As their emotional distress decreased, so did their need for emotional support (D. E. Gray 2006). ConclusionWhile the causes of autism remain a great mystery, one fact is certain Autism affects every area of learning throughout the childs life. Until research on autism provides more information about how autism affects the human brain, children and their parents who are affected will be unable to understand and fully muckle with this disability. It is only with more information that we will learn the best appro ach to teach autistic children and tackle this disability head on.

Sir Richard Branson

The purpose of this writing is to describe the personality of Sir Richard Branson as well as applying the roles of social wisdom and attri exactlyion. Sir Branson is the owner and Chief executive director Officer of the complete(a) brand outed in the 1970s. mod is one of spacious Britains most prize brands and consists of ventures in travel and tourism, leisure and pleasure, social and environmental, media and telecommunications, finance and money, health, and shopping. As a youth, Sir Branson was introduced to many factors which shaped his big personality.According to Nelson & Quick (2008), family, culture, education, and former(a) environmental forces shape personality. Sir Bransons personality was strongly influenced by his family environment. His female p bent advance him and his sisters to work hard and overcome adversity by continu everyy setting physical challenges amongst the siblings. These competitions surely enhanced Bransons drive to compete and triumph i n sporting activities. His entrepreneur advantage tummy be contributed to the early introduction of entrepreneurship by his mother and Aunt Cl ar.Sir Bransons was influenced by a loving family which modeled traits such(prenominal)(prenominal) as teamwork, cohesion, and support. During my childhood, children were taught to stay in a childs turn up and speak only when spoken to. Branson was encouraged to speak as a child and his opinions were valued. This helped to build vanity and confidence to communicate distant his social group. In my opinion, Bransons psychological type derived from the Type surmise Preferences and Descriptions is Extraversion, Intuition, Feeling, and Perceiving (ENFP). Nelson & Quick (2008) described a person who is categorized as ENFP to be Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative. chequer life as full of possibilities. Make connections between pointts and randomness actually quickly, and confidently proceed found on the patterns they see. Want a lot of af firmation from others, and readily give appreciation and support. Spontaneous and flexible, of ex clocks rely on the ability to improvise and their verbal fluency. (p. 95) While reading Sir Bransons case, I created the perception that Branson is intelligent, creative, loyal, family oriented, friendly, and confident yet arrogant. My perception is strongly affected by my characteristics as the perceiver. I truly moot that anyone can be successful if he or she works hard.If an exclusive is working hard and non stupefying the projected level of success, he or she needs to change the situation. Not necessary the plan or approach, but the situation in which he or she is operating in (city, state, ac caller-up, community). The manner in which Branson form his schedule to allow for family time influences my opinion and I created the image of him as a family man. Although this is important it doesnt necessarily confirm that Branson is a true family man. The situation that Branson is i ntroduced to me has an overwhelming affect on my perception.I am reading an article full of positive factors about Branson. How could my perception be anything other than positive? This perception whitethorn be the same or totally different had this been a face to face encounter. trinity elements of the barriers to social perception atomic number 18 involved in my assessment. First, I used selective perception by relating my view of family orientation to Branson. I narrowed my perception to the qualities which supported my viewpoint. Next, I created the perception that Branson is intelligent, because he is successful. I have created a stereotype that all successful entrepreneurs mustiness be intelligent.The article offered information that Bransons academic record was terrible and he did non finish high school. I failed to consider this information because of his success. Lastly, the first impression error allowed me to read the article and create the perception that this is the true Branson without any time to come research or consideration. Sir Branson finishance and success is due to internal attributions. He accepted his weaknesses and built on his strengths. The values instilled by his mother formed a sound foundation to build on. He is not focused on external attributions of things he has no control over.He continues to expand his empire by giving others opportunities to develop their ideas into billet ventures that he supports (Nelson & Quick, 2008, p. 115). He uses his internal attributions to counter the startup occupations and unforeseen battles which beart seem to bother him. Sir Branson is perceived to be a well-rounded person. His personality, which drives his success and current business philosophy, mirrors his childhood development. During his childhood, his opinion was valued and now he is unmannerly to the opinions and ideas of his advisory team.His mother and Aunt Clara were very entrepreneurial developing several different counselli ngs to make money and now Branson invites creativity and backs the immature business ventures of others. He unquestionable his sense of competition and now challenges industries which he feels are not part the public. An individuals personality is strongly influenced by his or her environment as proven by Sir Richard Branson. References Nelson, D. L. , & Quick, J. C. (2008). Organizational behavior Science, the real homo, and you (6th Ed. ). Mason, OH South-Western.Sir Richard BransonAssignment 4 Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, pure aggroup, Ltd. Case Study Mysherri Rhodes Instructor Bess albumen Bus 520 Leadership and Organization February 25, 2012 Describe Bransons lead vogue in terms of the attractorship models addressed in Chapters 10 and 11 and evaluate the credibly stiffness of that style in the U. S. immediately. Sir Richard Branson, bump and chairman of perfect(a) conference Ltd. , has created a multi-billion dollar enterprise, which includes airlines, records , spousal wear, holidays, vodka, cars, bank accounts, mobile phones, cosmetics, condoms and gyms (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).The Virgin free radical is a worldwidely recognized brand that has approximately 50,000 employees and earns much than $20 billion in sales annually (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson is cognise to be one of the with child(p)est entrepreneurs and with that consumers can expect more unique creations from Sir Richard Branson (Boje & Smith, 2012). In straddle for a business to acquire and maintain such exponential growth, a caller must have an effective attraction.According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson is a genuine strategist who thinks outside the recess and he has achieved many enceinte things despite some setbacks through and throughout the years. Branson anticipates future trends, inspiring pursual to understand and embrace a overb white-haired pot of possibilities. He develops others to be leaders or demote leaders that s what makes him a transformational leader (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson, has a philosophy that is centered on finding raft with strong communication and teamwork skills that can be integrated into Virgin gathering culture.Once the proper employees are hired, Virgin Group continues the employees professional development, allowing the company to promote existing employees. Bransons philosophy enables him to develop new leaders, which are able to foresee the companys future and embrace new visions. Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), also theorize that transformational leaders are risk takers and pleasurable new opportunities. Sir Richard Branson states that it is impossible to run a business without fetching risks, and he is no stranger to doing so (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Branson publicly admits to three tremendous setbacks a) the launch of a takeout MP3 player (the Virgin Pulse) was crushed by the Apple iPod and lost over $20 million b) against go through mana gement advice, Branson held on to Virgins Megastore retail outlets far too long, costing the group financially when the megastores were finally sold c) Branson created Virgin gage as an attempt to enter the United Kingdoms Coca-Cola territory, but Coca-Cola crushed that effort.The Virgin Group has experienced its fair share of failures but that has never halt Branson from tinctureing for new opportunities. Because of these attributes, Branson is a dandy transformational leader and is a perfect fit in nows world. The world is constantly evolving from the old into the new, and this constant change creates the need for companies to adapt accordingly. Based on constant change a company must be able to adapt accordingly. Transformational leading is such a great asset to todays world because its leaders are true visionaries.For instance, to his colleagues Branson is known as Dr. Yes because he finds it hard to enounce no to new ideas and proposals. Being open to new ideas and propo sals sets Virgin Groups apart from other companies because they are never afraid to try venture into new areas. Virgin Group prides itself on doing things in an innovative counsel while aspiring to domiciliate quality services (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Visionaries are key to the evolution of todays world and are important to the propagations of the future.Recommend a different leaders style (or combination of styles) that would make Branson an even more effective leader. Transformational and transactional leadership are two of the most popular approaches to leading a businesses (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons keen sense of transformational leadership is great for Virgin Group but could be more effective when combined other leadership styles such as transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is considered a great second style to work in synergy with transformational leadership.Transactional leadership focuses on the interaction and motivation that occur between a le ader and his or her pursuit (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons states, If you find quite a little who are good at propel others and getting the best out of heap, they are the ones you want. at that govern are plenty of so-called experts, but not as many motivators of people (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344). Bransons touch in motivating his employees demonstrates his belief in transactional leadership and is an incontestable method ensuring that Virgin Group uses the make leadership path.Motivating employees is a great way to initiate great leadership but here are some other components of transactional leadership that should be considered a) transactional leadership get outs contingent re fightds, which includes leaders setting measurable goals to obtain that are clear and concise b) it exhibits dynamical management by monitoring work performance of employees and enforcing rules to restrain mistakes c) it emphasizes that enforced rules are not to be broken and unacceptable performance will result in corrective actions (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Determine how Branson would develop and lead a global team working on a major(ip) project (e. g. , space tourism) Americans have witnessed the invariable development of the world for decades and Sir Richard Branson has been a part of American history. Branson has proceed to push the envelope year afterwards year, and is familiar with the leadership styles that are necessary for leading a global team working on a major project. Branson spoke out, stating that carbon damaging the world is what is causing global heating.As a result, Branson lately pledged to give as much as $3 billion over the next ten years to tackle global warming. The funding for the global warming project will be addicted from Bransons personal revenue from his airlines and rail company (Hellriegell & Slocume, 2011). Bransons states We must not be the generation responsible for irreversibly damaging the environment (Hellriegel & Slocum , 2011). In order for Branson to develop and lead a global team for global warming, he must use the event components associated with transformational leadership.According Hellriegel & Slocum (2011 p 330), the core components are individual consideration refer to the leaders to anticipate the followers needs, perform as a mentor, and listen to the followers needs. Next, Branson needs to capablely stimulate his team by encouraging them to think outside the box and to not be afraid to take a risk. thus there are inspirational motivations, which is a concept pertaining to leaders creating a vision for the employees to follow.Last but not least is idealized influence which refers to the leader acting in a charismatic way to percolate employees and reinvigorate them (Kirkpartrick & Locke, 1996). Branson has stated on numerous occasions that he treats his employees like human beings, which allows him to anticipate his employees needs. Branson also feels that an entrepreneur will only observe if he or she is surrounded by good people and are able to listen to their advice. Because Branson is open to advice he has innately displayed individual consideration.As a leader Branson has unceasingly provided attention to the employees needs for growth, encouraged individuals to embrace creativity, and placed an emphasis on innovation. Early in Bransons career he developed a habit of actively reading emails from his employees. Once the email are read, he then responds to employees concerns and ideas personally. There has been instances where employees have presented innovative ideas for the companys future that Branson has implemented, which demonstrates an intellectual stimulation outcome and encourages this behavior in the future.As I stated above, Branson has a vision that involves improving global warming. Bransons plan to address the problem is by setting up a carbon war room to strategize reducing the carbon output of companies without damaging the companys prof itability. Setting a vision and creating a plan is a great method for providing inspirational motives for individuals. Historically, Branson is well known for his ability to inspire his team, which results in an ideal work environment. argue how you can incorporate some of Bransons leadership qualities into your role at work or school.Sir Richard Branson is an wicked individual and worthy of businesses mimicking his leadership style. Bransons leadership styles includes, but are not limited to honing in on ones ability to become a true visionary, taking risk, and providing quality. Branson states that he listens to all new ideals and proposals but ultimately makes decisions based on his misgiving (Branson, 2012). One could practice becoming a visionary into their work or school environment by taking an in depth look at a new ideas or roposals and trusting their intuition. Implementing an environment for visionaries allows individuals to bring forth ideas that other individuals may have difficulty visualizing. This method also encourages individuals to speak up and voice their opinions. The next quality that a leader must possess is risk taking. It is impossible for a business to run without taking risks. Virgin would not be the company it is today if risks had not been interpreted (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344).In order for a music director to be successful there has to be some peak of risk taking and one could start by thinking out of the box (Hanna & Klein, 2011). This could take place by setting aside time for the team to meet, discuss, and implement new ideas that involve more risk. another(prenominal) one of Bransons attributes for leadership is to provide quality service to his clientele. According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson prides himself on his ability to provide quality services to consumers in areas where other companies may not.As a manager, one could raise the bar through implementing higher standards for quality service. This co uld, as a result, increase the clientele and loyalty to the company. References Boje, D. , & Smith, R. (2010). Re-storying and visualizing the changing entrepreneurial identities of notation Gates and Richard Branson. Culture & Organization, 16(4), 307-331. doi10. 1080/14759551003769250 Branson, R. (2012). Sir Audcity. Inc, 34(9), 72-73. Hanna, J. , & Klein, D. S. (2011). Sir Richard Branson Great Brands, Virgin Brands, Branson Brands.Smart vexation Orange County, 6(5), 10-11. Hellriegel, D. , & Slocum, J. W. , Jr. (2011). Organizational behaviour 13th ed. ). Mason, OH Cengage (Learning) Kirkpatrick, S. A. , & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and Indirect cause of Three Core Charismatic Leadership Components on doing and Attitudes. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 36-51. Sadeghi, A. , & Pihie, Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and Its prophetical Effects on Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal Of Business & Social Science, 3(7), 186-197.Sir Richard BransonAssig nment 4 Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd. Case Study Mysherri Rhodes Instructor Bess White Bus 520 Leadership and Organization February 25, 2012 Describe Bransons leadership style in terms of the leadership models addressed in Chapters 10 and 11 and evaluate the likely effectiveness of that style in the U. S. today. Sir Richard Branson, founder and chairman of Virgin Group Ltd. , has created a multi-billion dollar enterprise, which includes airlines, records, bridal wear, holidays, vodka, cars, bank accounts, mobile phones, cosmetics, condoms and gyms (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).The Virgin Group is a globally recognized brand that has approximately 50,000 employees and earns more than $20 billion in sales annually (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson is known to be one of the greatest entrepreneurs and with that consumers can expect more unique creations from Sir Richard Branson (Boje & Smith, 2012). In order for a business to acquire and maintain such ex ponential growth, a company must have an effective leader.According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson is a genuine strategist who thinks outside the box and he has achieved many great things despite some setbacks throughout the years. Branson anticipates future trends, inspiring followers to understand and embrace a new vision of possibilities. He develops others to be leaders or better leaders thats what makes him a transformational leader (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson, has a philosophy that is centered on finding people with strong communication and teamwork skills that can be integrated into Virgin Group culture.Once the proper employees are hired, Virgin Group continues the employees professional development, allowing the company to promote existing employees. Bransons philosophy enables him to develop new leaders, which are able to foresee the companys future and embrace new visions. Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), also say that transformational leaders are risk takers and welcome new opportunities. Sir Richard Branson states that it is impossible to run a business without taking risks, and he is no stranger to doing so (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Branson publicly admits to three tremendous setbacks a) the launch of a portable MP3 player (the Virgin Pulse) was crushed by the Apple iPod and lost over $20 million b) against top management advice, Branson held on to Virgins Megastore retail outlets far too long, costing the group financially when the megastores were finally sold c) Branson created Virgin Cola as an attempt to enter the United Kingdoms Coca-Cola territory, but Coca-Cola crushed that effort.The Virgin Group has experienced its fair share of failures but that has never stopped Branson from looking for new opportunities. Because of these attributes, Branson is a great transformational leader and is a perfect fit in todays world. The world is constantly evolving from the old into the new, and this constant change creates the n eed for companies to adapt accordingly. Based on constant change a company must be able to adapt accordingly. Transformational leadership is such a great asset to todays world because its leaders are true visionaries.For instance, to his colleagues Branson is known as Dr. Yes because he finds it hard to say no to new ideas and proposals. Being open to new ideas and proposals sets Virgin Groups apart from other companies because they are never afraid to try venture into new areas. Virgin Group prides itself on doing things in an innovative way while aspiring to provide quality services (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Visionaries are key to the evolution of todays world and are important to the generations of the future.Recommend a different leadership style (or combination of styles) that would make Branson an even more effective leader. Transformational and transactional leadership are two of the most popular approaches to leading a businesses (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons keen sen se of transformational leadership is great for Virgin Group but could be more effective when combined other leadership styles such as transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is considered a great second style to work in synergy with transformational leadership.Transactional leadership focuses on the interaction and motivation that occur between a leader and his or her followers (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons states, If you find people who are good at motivating others and getting the best out of people, they are the ones you want. There are plenty of so-called experts, but not as many motivators of people (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344). Bransons belief in motivating his employees demonstrates his belief in transactional leadership and is an incontestable method ensuring that Virgin Group uses the correct leadership path.Motivating employees is a great way to initiate great leadership but here are some other components of transactional leadership that should be consi dered a) transactional leadership provides contingent rewards, which includes leaders setting measurable goals to obtain that are clear and concise b) it exhibits active management by monitoring work performance of employees and enforcing rules to prevent mistakes c) it emphasizes that enforced rules are not to be broken and unacceptable performance will result in corrective actions (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Determine how Branson would develop and lead a global team working on a major project (e. g. , space tourism) Americans have witnessed the continuous development of the world for decades and Sir Richard Branson has been a part of American history. Branson has continued to push the envelope year after year, and is familiar with the leadership styles that are necessary for leading a global team working on a major project. Branson spoke out, stating that carbon damaging the world is what is causing global warming.As a result, Branson recently pledged to give as much as $3 billion over the next ten years to tackle global warming. The funding for the global warming project will be given from Bransons personal revenue from his airlines and rail company (Hellriegell & Slocume, 2011). Bransons states We must not be the generation responsible for irreversibly damaging the environment (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). In order for Branson to develop and lead a global team for global warming, he must use the core components associated with transformational leadership.According Hellriegel & Slocum (2011 p 330), the core components are individual consideration refer to the leaders to anticipate the followers needs, perform as a mentor, and listen to the followers needs. Next, Branson needs to intellectually stimulate his team by encouraging them to think outside the box and to not be afraid to take a risk. Then there are inspirational motivations, which is a concept pertaining to leaders creating a vision for the employees to follow.Last but not least is idealized influen ce which refers to the leader acting in a charismatic way to uplift employees and inspire them (Kirkpartrick & Locke, 1996). Branson has stated on numerous occasions that he treats his employees like human beings, which allows him to anticipate his employees needs. Branson also feels that an entrepreneur will only succeed if he or she is surrounded by good people and are able to listen to their advice. Because Branson is open to advice he has innately displayed individual consideration.As a leader Branson has always provided attention to the employees needs for growth, encouraged individuals to embrace creativity, and placed an emphasis on innovation. Early in Bransons career he developed a habit of actively reading emails from his employees. Once the email are read, he then responds to employees concerns and ideas personally. There has been instances where employees have presented innovative ideas for the companys future that Branson has implemented, which demonstrates an intellect ual stimulation outcome and encourages this behavior in the future.As I stated above, Branson has a vision that involves improving global warming. Bransons plan to address the problem is by setting up a carbon war room to strategize reducing the carbon output of companies without damaging the companys profitability. Setting a vision and creating a plan is a great method for providing inspirational motives for individuals. Historically, Branson is well known for his ability to inspire his team, which results in an ideal work environment. Discuss how you can incorporate some of Bransons leadership qualities into your role at work or school.Sir Richard Branson is an extraordinary individual and worthy of businesses mimicking his leadership style. Bransons leadership styles includes, but are not limited to honing in on ones ability to become a true visionary, taking risk, and providing quality. Branson states that he listens to all new ideals and proposals but ultimately makes decisions based on his intuition (Branson, 2012). One could practice becoming a visionary into their work or school environment by taking an in depth look at a new ideas or roposals and trusting their intuition. Implementing an environment for visionaries allows individuals to bring forth ideas that other individuals may have difficulty visualizing. This method also encourages individuals to speak up and voice their opinions. The next quality that a leader must possess is risk taking. It is impossible for a business to run without taking risks. Virgin would not be the company it is today if risks had not been taken (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344).In order for a manager to be successful there has to be some degree of risk taking and one could start by thinking out of the box (Hanna & Klein, 2011). This could take place by setting aside time for the team to meet, discuss, and implement new ideas that involve more risk. Another one of Bransons attributes for leadership is to provide quality s ervice to his clientele. According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson prides himself on his ability to provide quality services to consumers in areas where other companies may not.As a manager, one could raise the bar through implementing higher standards for quality service. This could, as a result, increase the clientele and loyalty to the company. References Boje, D. , & Smith, R. (2010). Re-storying and visualizing the changing entrepreneurial identities of Bill Gates and Richard Branson. Culture & Organization, 16(4), 307-331. doi10. 1080/14759551003769250 Branson, R. (2012). Sir Audcity. Inc, 34(9), 72-73. Hanna, J. , & Klein, D. S. (2011). Sir Richard Branson Great Brands, Virgin Brands, Branson Brands.Smart Business Orange County, 6(5), 10-11. Hellriegel, D. , & Slocum, J. W. , Jr. (2011). Organizational Behavior 13th ed. ). Mason, OH Cengage (Learning) Kirkpatrick, S. A. , & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and Indirect Effects of Three Core Charismatic Leadership Components on Performance and Attitudes. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 36-51. Sadeghi, A. , & Pihie, Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and Its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal Of Business & Social Science, 3(7), 186-197.