Square Pharmaceuticals Limited In Bangladesh Commerce Essay

self-coloured p disparageaceuticals Limited In Bangladesh Commerce EssaySQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutic comp some(prenominal) in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a reality express society in 1991. Squ argon Pharmaceuticals Limited has extended her go astray of services towards the soaring federal agency of global food market. It pi mavenered exports of medicines from Bangladesh in 1987 and has been exporting antibiotics and separate pharmaceutical harvests. This extension in business and services has manifested the credibility of lusty Pharmaceuticals Limited. It strives, to a higher(prenominal) place all, for top quality health care carrefours at the least personify r from each geniusing the lowest rungs of the economic class of people in the bucolic and cheer their social obligations. The companys annual t urnover exceeds $300 million, far higher than the rivals. The sales turnover of SPL was more than than Taka 7.5 Billion (US$ 107.91 million) with about 16.92% market divvy up (April 2006- March 2007) having a growth rate of about 23.17% (company annual compensate 2007). It is exporting its pharmaceuticals and other products to around 30 countries of the world including Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal, Kenya, Libya, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, Ukraine and Yemen.Square has more or less warlike uptakefulnesss that discharge it no.1 Thus from its inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. The pharmaceuticals market is oligopoly in nature contempt the presence of 250 companies. The top 15 players, including Square, control around 73% of the market share. So in this hawkish market, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the flagship company, is holding the strong leaders position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. Their corporate pore is to add rate on the quality of product, dish and services lead to arrive at rivalrous advantages.Competitive advantages in much(prenominal) slosheds depend a lot on how vale is haved. cling to mental hospital is a commutation concept in the management and organization literature for both small level (individual, group) and macro level (organization theory, strategic management) investigate. Yet there is flyspeck consensus on what pry intro is or on how it trick be achieved. Many prominent authors have written articles how company develops their evaluate understructure architecture to gain competitory advantage.Literature on entertain installationAll economic activity whether in the public or hidden sector, ultimately revolves round the process of creating value. For organization to be self- sustaining it must create more value, as mea receivedd by its users, than the cost of r esources it uses up. We define value as the benefits a (potential) user pass on gain from a product or service, measured.Bowman and Ambrosini (2000) in defining use value as the subjective valuation of consumption benefits by a consumer. Exchange value is the amount the consumer actually pays, representing revenue to a value system. These definitions are self-consistent with those chaped in the value-price-cost (VPC) frame nominate recently adopted from Tirole (1988) by Hoopes, Madsen, and Walker (2003). In their frame crop, V is what we label use value, P is sub value, and C is the toil cost of the seller. V P is consumer surplus, and P C is seller profit. They delimit value capture as the appropriation and retention by the firm of payments made by consumers in expectation of future value from consumption. tax is captured when a firm (1) receives consumer payments by thwarting competitors attempts to arrogate those payments (e.g., through imitation) and (2) simultaneously retains those payments by denying claims on them from upstream or downstream members of the similar value system (e.g., through channel power). Thus, value capture involves the allocation of exchange value.Strategic management deals with the question of how firms create value in equipment casualty of achieving and sustaining agonistical advantage. The market-based, resource-based, dynamic capabilities and relational steads identify diverse sources of competitive advantages. From the market-based perspective, competitive advantages are the result of strategic positioning in imperfect markets.The resource-based resume identifies firm- limited resources as the main source of sustainable competitive advantage. From the dynamic capabilities perspective, temporary competitive advantages result from risk-taking and entrepreneurial insights in an un accepted or compound environment. After a firearm, the insights diffuse and become best practice. The relational view attributes comp etitive advantages to relationship-specific assets, knowledge-sharing practises, complementary resources and capabilities, as well as effective nerve mechanisms. It is suggested that these advantages are jointly generated in an exchange relationship and cannot be generated by one firm in isolation. in that respectfore, what is needed is an adequate conceptualization of competitive advantage that can actually be employ in polar industry contexts to map the underlying value design architecture and link up it to economic performance.11 Certain patterns of labour division that emerged among co-specialized actors in a sector are called industry architectures. Our aim is to develop a conceptualization of such architectures in relation to competitive advantage that can be used to identify and evaluate different value creation architectures in the same industry. The term value creation architecture describes the structure and relationships of all the value-adding activities that are c arried out by various actors and companies to bring a particular product or service to market.Scholars having a resources-based view often firm claver the firm as the primary unit of analysis to create value-generating activities. They argue that the firm exists because it can more efficiently coordinate the accumulateive study process and build competitive advantage that resides in the organizational routine and capability than the market can (Foss, 1996c 18). The notion of the firm as a bundle of resources stick outs an alternative explanation to the concepts of transition cost (TC) that sees the firm as a bundle of transactions or contracts (Barney, 1986 Dierickx and Cool, 1989). However, they both overlook an burning(prenominal) fact that resources exchange is often linked to the social context in which the firm is embedded.From this perspective, the analysis of architectural advantages is central. These competitive advantages result from the interplay amidst indispen sable competition and the cooperation of different actors that form architecture of value creation and the competition between different architectures in the market. The architectures chosen in a certain market context can vary considerably in damage of core characteristics the number of participating firms, the extent of integration, and the settings for the relationship levers (e.g., contract conditions or level of cooperation).With regard to intra-architectural competition and cooperation, the analysis focuses on the question of which actors appropriate the highest share of value and on the impact of this value appropriation on the motivation and ability of all actors to continue to contribute to this architecture. The position of each firm at bottom the intra-architectural competition depends on its resources, its capabilities, and its relationship with other actors within the architecture. Accordingly, there are three sources of competitive advantage(1) Cost efficiencies that make more efficient use of the firms assets and provider inputs or that depress supplier cost(2) Product differentiation to raise customer benefits and(3) Transaction innovations that lower the costs of transactions or that create new combinations of customers and suppliers.Recent work has dig intod competitive advantage via dynamic capabilities (Eisenhardt Martin, 2000) and firm-specific knowledge (Kogut Zander, 1996). Yet only fragile attention has been p support to the demand side and, particularly, to the consumers role, even in the nearly recent and ambitious attempts to integrate the field (e.g., Farjoun, 2002 Hunt Lambe, 2000). Remarkably, some dodging scholars argue that an understanding of consumer utility is largely superfluous to the overall inclination of the strategy field (Makadok Coff, 2002 12), which, they say, is to explain firm profitability-and firm profitability is firm by the value captured by the firm (Makadok Coff, 2002 10).The investigation of val ue creation in buyer-supplier relationships in business markets is still very much in its infancy (Flint, Woodruff, Gardial, 2002 Ulaga, 2003) with the majority of studies having explored relationships involving physical goods, where both parties have an understanding (often quite sophisticated) of the product in question (e.g. Harmsen Jensen, 2004 Moller Torronen, 2003 Ulaga, 2003)In the light of the above, this reading is to examine the value creation architecture to achieve competitive advantage use Square Pharmaceutical confederation as the main courting study. mien AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYAim The aim of the study is find out how Square manage to create value to achieve competitive advantage.Objectives The objective of the study is to examine the Value creation architecture in gaining competitive advantage using Square Pharmaceutical Company as case study.However, the specific objectives shall includeTo evaluate the consumer perspective in value creation to achieve co mpetitive advantage.To examine value creation and value capture in a multi level perspective.To establish theoretical linkage between value creation and competitive advantage.To examine the process of value creation and its mensurationTo investigate value creation in buyer-supplier relationships in business markets.To offer policy recommendation on how the organization can obtain competitive advantage through value creation.1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONSFrom the afore-mentioned objective of the study, this study shall provide answer to the following tentative questions.How can organization achieve competitive advantage through value creation?What are the measurement and process of value creation?Is there any theoretical linkage between value creation and competitive advantage?What is the relationship of value creation and value capture in multi level perspective?What are the buyer-supplier relationships in business market?1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESISThe following tentative dead reckoning depa rt be tested in this studyH0 Value creation architecture do not brings about competitive advantageH1 Value creation architecture brings about competitive advantage.Research MethodologyThe research methodology used must be able to give level-headed answers to the research question and fulfil the objectives of research. In this research work, researcher get out follow both types of research methodologies-quantitative and soft approaches. In quantitative research, the selective information obtained from the participants is expressed in quantitative form. In quantitative approach, researcher tends to collect numerical contents from the Square Company and on the other hand, qualitative part researcher give collect subjective selective information. In qualitative research, on the other hand, the information obtained from participants is not expressed in numerical form. The emphasis is on the stated experiences of the participants and on the stated meanings they attach to themselves, to other people, and to their environment. Those carrying out qualitative research sometimes make use of train quotations from their participants, arguing that such quotations are often very revealing. Qualitative entropy leave be serene by interviews,This study involves largely the use of primary data for the purpose of empirical analysis. The primary data will be obtained with the use of structured questionnaire and selected interviews. The questionnaires were structured in such a way as to provide pertinent information on the value created architecture and competitive advantage. That is how Square Pharmaceutical Company. Interviews will equally be conducted with some key person namely selected supply of square Pharmaceutical Company, particularly those at the top management level. This will enable us to obtain a balanced picture of how value is created to gain competitive advantage over other competitors. Also, secondary data will be obtained from the annual report of the company and the performance will be liken with similar company.POPULATION AND SAMPLING PROCEDURESIndeed, the sum total of companies in the pharmaceutical industry constitutes the population of the study. However, as it will be cumbersome and kind of unrealistic to consider all companies, a case study was considered. This case study chosen by this research work as preceding stated is square Pharmaceutical Company. Candidly the choice of this company is deliberate. It is one of the largest companies in the pharmaceutical company where adequate data can be easily gathered for the success of the study.Therefore, questionnaire will be distributed to key persons among the provide to collect pertinent data relating to value creation and planning and organizational performance. Thus, an equal sample size will be drawn from among the staff of the organization. A total sample of 50 staff will be selected among the staff of the organization. The random sampling technique is intended to be apply in the distribution of the questionnaires. This implies that every staff of square Pharmaceutical Company stands a chance of being selected until the required sample size (50) is obtained. mode OF DATA ANALYSISThis aspect shows the technique adopted in analyzing the stash away data. In this study, both the descriptive and quantitative techniques will be employed. The descriptive statistics involved the analysis of data in frequencies, tables, percentages, chart and so forth while the quantitative technique to be used is the Pearson Correlation method of data analysis as it is more realistic and clear to express the quiet data. All these analysis shall be done manually with the aid of statistical tools for social sciences. All these analysis shall be done manually with the aid of statistical tools for social sciences.Research LimitationsThe proposed research has some limitation and threats that whitethorn affect its credibility and reliability as followsAs the research work will be focused on only Square pharmaceutical company, results obtained whitethorn not be true for other organizations in this industry.There are resource and time limitations for this study as to generate more precise results it needs huge resources and time. Hence time and resource constraints may affect the research standards.The accuracy and quality of results may be change as participants may not observe confident and disclosing wrong information. Or participants may feel uncomfortable with the research subject and may feel that it will affect their interests. This research might come up with different threats of reliability i.e. subject or participant error, observer error, subject or participant bias etc.There will be limited observation of the HR practices and actual procedures within the company. For sound results there will be need of observations because attitudes cannot be measured or seen but we can feel and infer them.The business data will be collected from various resources including publications and online veridical. In this case the validity and reliability of some of information cannot be guaranteed.Ethical IssuesThere are always some ethical spots associated with the implementation and execution of a good research work. The writer will give due importance to this aspect of research and will abide by with code of ethics to deliver a quality research work. both(prenominal) possible ethical issues that may rise during this research project are as followsThe interviewees and other participants will be briefed about the purpose of the research, data protection and confidentiality issues to gain their confidence in advance. Subject awareness will boost them to deliver more accurate view about the issue and thus research objectives can be obtained more precisely.The participants involvement will be of voluntary nature and they will have rights to withdraw partially or completely from process at any stage.Avoidance of harm to participants du ring data collection including pain, stress, embarrassment and discomfort will be catered. elaborate of participants will be kept confidential unless their consent is obtained to disclose it. tuition gathered during interviews, for example employees job satisfaction level, relationship with employer or any personal views about their job or about company etc. will be kept confidential and will not be disclosed in any case safeguarding interests of every entity involved in it.Integrity of data and intellectual property rights will be of high priority along with data protection and accuracy. I will harmonize in honest and ethical manner throughout research and head off any misrepresentation or plagiarism. All publications or research material used will be quoted and referred systematically.The writer will make sure that research work is neutral, free form any bias and indefensible influence. Research results will be used ethically for benefit of company with complete confidentialit y and informed consent of respective authorities.

German Public During WW2

German Public During WW2To what finale were the German deal shopive of national neighborlyist antisemitic indemnity?Only a few years ago, a remarkable throw exploded on to the academic scene which initiated a heated and nearly cartridge clips acrimonious debate amongst historians. The Harvard historian Daniel Goldhagen had argued in his book Hitlers willing executioners1 that Germans were culturally predisposed to mistreat and kill Jews.This move will look the extent to which Germans were musical accompanimentive of national socialist antisemitic policy principal(prenominal)ly through the lens of the Goldhagen debate. It will stir to explore iii interrelated but distinct conceptual questions. Firstly, it will have to conciliate the nature of the anti-semitic policies themselves. Secondly, the essay needs to clarify what type of set up was typical amongst Germans. Thirdly, the essay needs to ask how support was articulated and how received the various types of his torical raise is to reach so dramatic conclusions as Goldhagen did in his work. Goldhagens thesis can be summed up briefly by saying that he believes to have identified the single close to important motivation of Germans to kill Jews. He writesThere was a widespread profound German cultural animus to struggleds Jews that evolved from an early nineteenth century excretionist form to the more(prenominal) deadly twentieth century incarnation.2 objet dart Germans passim the past dickens centuries harboured this eliminationist anit-Semitic attitude towards the Jewish people, provided with the control of east aboutern Europe could Germans eventually act upon Hitlers pre-existing extinguishingist intentions.3 Goldhagen attributes to Germans a general voluntarism and enthusiasm for rigour in performing their assigned and self-appointed task of exterminating Jews.4 Goldhagen maintains that all opposite ways of explaining German anti-Semitic behaviour during the various phases of discriminatory Nazi policy have failed for approximately reason. The only viable write up moldiness be, so Goldhagen argues, that Germans were somehow pre-disposed to kill Jews. His claims rests on an analysis of the actions of ordinary Germans, the legal philosophy large number one hundred one and their general willingness to execute the exterminationist orders of the Nazi leadership. He so claims that all conventional explanations explicitly or implicitly posit exoteric human traits5 so that explanations must hold true for everyone. Something Goldhagen insistently rejects. This, he exclaims, is obviously and demonstrably false6. He uses a two-pronged, methodologically questionable, dodge however. First, his thesis undergoes a daring generalisation when he claims that the actions of some Germans, those who volitionally engage in mass murder, are indicative of the attitudes of all Germans (something that implicitly accepts by the way the Nazi assumption that assimilated G erman Jews are non Germans). The spot step is even more audacious methodologically. On some grounds he now claims that this attitudes is a trait specific only to Germans, no one else. He writesThe one explanation adequate to these tasks holds that a demonological anti-Semitism, of the virulent racial variety, was the common structure of the perpetrators cognition, and of German society in general.7In short, Germans killed Jews because they were Germans, and every German would be subscribing to the same eliminationist anti-Semitic attitude. If that is the case, the extent to which Germans were supportive of Nazi anti-Semitic political orientation and policy is clear. All Germans potentially supported them, even or especially if this included the physical elimination of the Jewish people. They did so, not because they found Nazi ideology particularly persuasive, or were convinced that this is for the better good of German society, but simply because they were Germans.This realiza tion of an ethnic group with a particular character trait of run away is, strictly speaking, no explanation at all.8 It is a conjecture that awaits evidence and elaboration. Goldhagen provides neither. His logic, as Josef Joffe writes, is simplistic and defies any reasonable historical method. The killers were ordinary Germans, ergo the ordinary Germans were killers.9 Goldhagens book therefore lack the rigorous methodological standards of any decent historical work. Methodologically his work offers a flier thesis and is conspicuously devoid of argument and evidence.If such a simplistic glide path fails to provide an do to the question, we should look further. First, what was Nazi policy towards the Jews?Historians direction that Nazi policy greatly differed throughout the years of their twelve-year disquietude reign. Although Hitler had sketched the main outlines of his anti-Semitic attitude even before January 1933 and although Hitler and others were very sympathetic to the unpredictable killings, beatings and other reprisals against Jews in German cities, they also feared this would diminish the widespread public support that the Nazi government enjoyed in the first months after the fitting of Hitler as chancellor. What was needed was to reign in and organise properly the anti-Semitic actions, featively basing them on a more legal basis and thereby giving them a faade of legitimacy. Behind this problem stood the issue of cogency of policy, and a constant state of confusion as to who was responsible for what in the many layers of the new regimen. The feature however that Hitler and his inner circle deemed it required after coming to power to curtail the actions of the SA and place anti-Semitic boycotts on a more legal basis indicates that, although many Germans agreed with Hitlers assessment that Jews had a too prominent role in German economic and social life, they did not necessarily support haphazard, extralegal and sporadic anti-Semitic atta cks on a daily basis. The Nazi leadership therefrom adjusted their policy and from now on favoured a slower approach to eliminating Jews from German public life. Graml notes that a process took place that may be termed the disciplining the persecution of Jews. He writesDisciplining the persecution of the Jews meant above all a move away from the terror of the stormtroopers to formal anti-Semitic legislation.10Another significant deflexion in anti-Semitic policy is equally overlooked by Goldhagen but of great relevancy to the question of why Germans supported Nazi policy. With the start of the war in 1939 and the occupation of Poland and other east European countries is became clear that Nazi policy towards Jews distinguished sharply between assimilated German Jews and Sep steadfastlyic Eastern European Jews. While the former were gradually frozen out of German public life, East European Jews suffered from exterminationist policies almost immediately after the start of the war. Th e goal of the Nazi leadership with respect to them was immediate and radical obliteration of any Jewish culture and life in this area, something that was eventually extended to the German Jewry as well but only as late as 1943. The difference of treatment is significant since it may indicate that Germans harboured various attitudes to their widely assimilated neighbours and Eastern European Jews. Eventual extermination of German Jews may have been evaluate by the Nazi leadership fairly early on, but the regime lacked the popular support to introduce any radical measures to initiate this process. In fact, historians point out that the progrom of 1938 (Reichskristallnacht) was received with widespread horror and disapproval amongst the German population.11 The government never engaged in similar boycotts and overt actions against German Jews until the beginning of the war. Graml writesto implement the anti-Semitic message into policy was not simple, other priorities existed, amongst others to change integrity their the Nazis power base. The brutal and open anti-Semitic agitation technical by the Nazi party failed to make any positive depression at all on the absolute majority of the population.12That does not mean that German Jews did not suffer a horrifying slow marginalization in German society which culminated in the visible stigmatisation and discrimination of Jews in all parts of public life. Jews were rapidly becoming second branch citizens and this process was visible and obvious to every German. It is this process of gradual marginalisation of Jews in German society that probably received most support from ordinary Germans, and which eventually led to a broader acceptance of their final finishing physical extermination. The broad catalogue of discriminatory measures against German Jews were in effect removing them from German society and ensured that the final step, their physical obliteration, was accepted as necessary fate as they were increas ingly associated with the guilt for war in Nazi propaganda.13To summarise, the differences in policy vis--vis Jews in Germany and the occupied territories after the start of the war also elicited divergent responses by Germans and hence indicate diametrical levels of support. Kulka notes that Germans probably viewed racial legislation as a permanent upshot of social, cultural and biological segregation but conditional upon the preservation of public law and order.14 Thus Germans distinguished between Eastern European and German Jews, although this differentiation grew less and less significant as the war progressed and as Nazi ideology managed to portray German Jews as similar to those of the Sephardic Jews.The second important issue concerns the constituency of supporters of Nazi ideologies and policy. Who were they? Did they all equally endorse anti-Semitic policies? Goldhagen claims that all ordinary Germans were in fact anti-Semites, and bases this claim on his accounting of the role of ordinary Germans in the mass killings that occurred in Eastern Europe. His conclusion is a swift and methodologically flawed one ordinary Germans did the killing, so every ordinary German must potentially be a killer. In this logic, all ordinary Germans would be supportive of the most radically eliminationist policy. A closer look at the evidence reveals a different picture however.Goldhagen was not the first who looked at ordinary Germans and emphasised their freewill and at times sadistic attitude to mass murder. In fact not even the particular focus of his inquiry, the Police Battalions operating in the hinterland of the Eastern front were original. Christopher toasting already published a book on the unparalleled brutality of the Police Battalion hundred and one and attempts similarly to delineate a plausible explanation for the behaviour of the policemen. Although toasting is equally perplexed by the cruelty and viciousness that the policemen displayed throughout the murderous procedures, he rejects any simplistic explanations but instead argues that a in all range of factors may are contributed to the callousness of the men. He stresses in everlasting(a) contrast to Goldhagen, that at the root of every action lies an individual decision which must be accounted for in individual not generalist toll an explanatory approach that deeply resonates with the opinion of other scholars.15 Therefore, dealing with a whole group of murderers, explanations can only sketch some of the most significant factors which may have played a role in stripping the men of their humane and cultural inhibitions. Browning does not faint away from references to the wider German society, but the tone of his propositions is remarkably different to that of Goldhagen. Browning writesThe men of the Reserve Police Battalion 101, like the rest of German society sic, were immersed in a deluge of racist and anti-Semitic propaganda.16However, he declines to extrapolate fro m his evidential base to German society as a whole. Instead he is sympathetic to a complex social explanation of their actions.Insidiously, most of those who did not shoot only re-affirmed the macho values of the majority according to which it was a positive quality to be tough comely to kill unarmed, non-combatant men, women, and children and tried not to rupture the bonds of comradeship that constituted their social world.17According to Browning, the men were motivated by a raft of socio-psychological aspects not by simply being German. This should illustrate that talking about Germans as a collection of individuals who feature that same preternatural anti-Semitic electric pig makes little sense. It fails to acknowledge the variance of opinion on Nazi ideology and policy as well as cannot explain why some become inhibited murderers and others do not. Their ethnic identity (being German) does not work up to be a plausible explanation of their allegedly eliminationist anti-Semit ism since it cannot take account of the fact the Germans frequently intermarried with Jews since their emancipation in 1867. German had long ceased to be a homogenous ethnic group, tied unneurotic by purity of blood lines as Nazi ideology suggested. this instant let us proceed to the last issue, the forms in which Germans may have expressed their support for anti-Semitic policies. Again, a methodologically difficulty lies at the heart of this issue. How to distinguish between those who gave their tacit support and those who engaged in demonstrative actions of support? Which form was a more accurate reflectance of mo for Nazi policies? Historians have pointed out that about half a million Germans were actively involved in the Final Solution, the physical extermination of Jews after 1943. This included administrative work as well as the actual killings. Important sections of the economy and government were directly involved in the killings by providing crucial assistance in terms o f resources, material and time to the Holocaust.18 Interestingly, we do not have to engage in a dodging of fancy guess work but have some hard facts that may shed some light on the forms and extent of support for anti-Semitic policies amongst the German population. Nazis as well as the victorious armies conducted coarse surveys that were supposed to demonstrate the extent to which anti-Semitism messages were favourably received by the German population. Kulka sums up the evidencethe post 1945 surveys give us a genuine indication of attitudes amongst Germans twenty percentage were supportive of Nazi policies towards Jews nineteen percent were generally in favour of anti-Semitic policies but said that Hitler had foregone too far. Overall the surveys found that identification with the Final Solution was sooner widespread among the public in the Third Reich.19The question however body whether the silence on the Holocaust was due to indifference or reflected endorsement of physical elimination of Jews. Norbert Frei argues that the extent to which workers had been won over by Nazi policies may give us a reliable clue as to the amount of support. He argues that the Nazi slogan of Volksgemeinschaft (peoples community) somehow captures the shopping mall of anti-Semitism and the gradual acceptance of this idea would in turn memorialise how far Germans had consented to discriminatory measures against Jews. By the mid 1930s, Frei argues, the German workers had virtually be convinced the idea of peoples community was constitutive for German society, a concept that would preclude any participation of Jews in German public life.20This hints at those pockets of resistance to Nazi propaganda which many historians conventionally identify as conservative, catholic milieus and whose resilience to Nazi propaganda can only be explained by social and cultural factors, an explanation that Goldhagen explicitly rejects.Overall, to what extent were Germans really supportive of a nti-Semitic policies? The question evokes a complex answer. Policy changed throughout the regime and hence the degree of support differed. Also, policies varied with regard to different ethnic groups of Jews throughout Europe, and so did the response and support of Germans for these policies. And finally, German people were not a unitary entity. Their responses to Nazi policy was influenced by their educational, cultural, spectral and social background, by the different level of sympathy for the wider Nazi ideology, as well as by the way in which they were affected themselves by Nazi policies throughout the regime. Given this wide range of variances, no sincere historian can offer only one universal portrait of German support for anti-Semitic measures.BibliographyChristopher R. Browning. workaday Men. Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York Harper collins 1992.Norbert Frei. Peoples Community and War Hitlers Popular Support. In Hans Mommsen (ed.). The Third Reich between Vision and Reality. New Perspectives on German archives 1918-1945. Oxford New York Berg 2001.Daniel Jonah Goldhagen. Hitlers Willing Executioners. ordinary bicycle Germans and the Holocaust. capital of the United Kingdom Abacus 1996.Hermann Graml. antisemitism in the Third Reich. Oxford Blackwell 1992.Josef Joffe. The Killers were ordinary Germans, ergo the ordinary Germans were killers The Logic, the spoken language and the implication of a Book that conquered Germany. In Robert R. Shandley (ed.). Unwilling Germans? The Goldhagen Debate. capital of the United Kingdom University of atomic number 25 wish 1998.Otto Dov Kulka. The German Population and the Jews State of Research and New Perspectives. In David Bankier (ed.). Probing the Depths of German Anti-Semitism. German Society and the Persecution of the Jews, 1933-1941. Jerusalem Yad Vashem 2000.Hans Mommsen. From Weimar to Auschwitz. Essays in German floor. Cambridge Polity 1991.P.G.J. Pulzer. The Ri se of Political Anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria. New York e.a. Wiley 1964.Roger W. Smith. Ordinary Germans, the Holocaust, and Responsibility Hitlers Willing Executioners in Moral Perspective. In Franklyn H. Littell (ed.). Hyping the Holocaust. Scholars answer Goldhagen. Merion Station 1997.1Footnotes1 Daniel Jonah Goldhagen. Hitlers Willing Executioners. Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. London Abacus 1996.2 Goldhagen, Willing Executioners, p.375.3 Goldhagen, Willing Executioners, p.375.4 Goldhagen, Willing Executioners, p.375.5 Goldhagen, Willing Executioners, p.389.6 Goldhagen, Willing Executioners, p.389.7 Goldhagen, Willing Executioners, p.392.8 cf. Roger W. Smith. Ordinary Germans, the Holocaust, and Responsibility Hitlers Willing Executioners in Moral Perspective. In Franklyn H. Littell (ed.). Hyping the Holocaust. Scholars answer Goldhagen. Merion Station 1997, p.48-49.9 Josef Joffe. The Killers were ordinary Germans, ergo the ordinary Germans were killers The Logic, the Language and the Meaning of a Book that conquered Germany. In Robert R. Shandley (ed.). Unwilling Germans? The Goldhagen Debate. London University of Minnesota Press 1998, p.217.10 Hermann Graml. Anti-Semitism in the Third Reich. Oxford Blackwell 1992, p.96.11 Hans Mommsen. From Weimar to Auschwitz. Essays in German History. Cambridge Polity 1991, p.241.12 Graml, Anti-Semitism, p.89.13 Otto Dov Kulka. The German Population and the Jews State of Research and New Perspectives. In David Bankier (ed.). Probing the Depths of German Anti-Semitism. German Society and the Persecution of the Jews, 1933-1941. Jerusalem Yad Vashem 2000, p.274.14 Kulka, Population, p.273.15 Cf. P.G.J. Pulzer. The Rise of Political Anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria. New York e.a. Wiley 1964, p.31.16 Christopher R. Browning. Ordinary Men. Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York Harper Collins 1992, p.18417 Browning, Ordinary Men, p.185.18 Mommsen, Weimar, p.225.19 Kulka, Pop ulation, p.279f.20 Norbert Frei. Peoples Community and War Hitlers Popular Support. In Hans Mommsen (ed.). The Third Reich between Vision and Reality. New Perspectives on German History 1918-1945. Oxford New York Berg 2001, p.63.

Corporate Social Responsibility at British Airways

integrated cordial obligation at British AirwaysIntroductionThis opus concerns with an investigation of transmission line ethics in British Airways (BA) and in concomitant an event that happened in August 2005 with its catering annunciationor inlet bon vivant.The main(prenominal) objectives of this write up ar-To examine BAs tone-beginning towards embodied loving Responsibility.To reform whether door bon vivants employees ar part of BAs s analyseholder or not.To explain the negative upshotTo explore ethical issues tangled in the practice of outsourcing.The objective of the report go out be achieved by using theories and concepts of business ethics. This report will make possible a look of informative conclusions on how BA handles Corporate Social Responsibility and the particular problem with ingress Gourmet. scallywag 3BAs approach towards corporate favorable responsibilityCorporate amicable responsibility (CSR) CSR is a type of corporate self regulation in corporated into a business model. Superlatively, CSR policy would function as integrated, self-g everyplacening craft whereby business would observe and make sure that its adherence to law, ethical measures, and internationalistic norms. Business would accept responsibility for the allure of their activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other(a) members of the public.In order to weigh up the approach of Corporate Social Responsibility a well known framework has been used which was devised by Elkington (1999) called the triple-bottom line. According to triple bottom line a corporate doesnt take a leak and one purpose that is to add economic value to their peck un little to a fault to add environmental and well- throw outd values too. triad bottom line gives a clearer picture of what the components of sustainability actually represents in price of a inclination for business ethics by examining them separately.SocialsurroundEco nomicviableSustainablebearableEquitableJohn Elkington (1998) scalawag 4Economic perspective The economic perspective recognizes that continued product in population, industrial performance, resource use and population could mean that standard of living would in the long run decline. A narrow judgment of economic sustainability focuses on the economic performances of the corporation itself the responsibility of concern is to develop, build up and market those products that assure long call economic performance for the corporation. This includes a focus on strategies that set in motion long term rise in share price, revenue and share market quite a than short term explosions of profits at the expense of long term possibility. A broader concept of sustainability would take account of the keep ships companys attitude towards bribes and construction cartels. They could be regarded as economically unsustainable they are not willing to fund the semipolitical institutional system (schools, hospitals, police and justice system) then they eat remote at the key institutional basis of corporate success.From 2000 the airway industries cosmopolitan had been suffering from less number of passenger wanting to fly which was receivable to 9/11 incident, Sars epidemic and rise in the provide costs fol minoring the war in Iraq. BAs approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility on economic is that to maintain its economic system BA has been outsourcing its renovations and reducing cost of personnel through redundancies and various other resources.Social perspective This is a recent breakment in the Corporate Social Responsibility. It has come to pass from apprehension much or less the effect of business activities on native communities in less developed countries and regions. The addition of social contemplation has marked a move in the way ideas about sustainability were put onwards. The major issue in the social perspective of sustainability is that of s ocial justice. In spite of the remarkable advances in standards of living that many of us puddle enjoyed, thither are growing lack of correspondence of income and wealthiness within many countries. In a to a greater extent just an just world, living standards will lead to more economic affluence.BAs approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility on social is that it has clear-cut to enable up to 500 applicants a year to realize their dreams through the London 2012 big Britons Programme. paginate 5It is aiming to raise 1.5 one million million million for Change for Good to table service vulnerable children around the world by 2009/10. BA has plans to gain the number of collogue who donate to affordroll giving by 50 percent by 2012. It will continue to work with Comic Relief and Children in Need. BA has aims to increase the number of young people participating in educational activities to 8000 per year.Environmental perspective The notion of sustainability came into sight mainly from environmental trepidation. The fundamental principles of sustainability in the environmental perspective alarm the effective management of physical resources so that they are preserved for the future. All bio systems are regarded as having limited resources and finite capacity and hence sustainable human activity must maneuver at a level that does not threaten the health of those systems. Even at the most crucial point these melancholy a need to dispatch a number of significant problems deal greenhouse gases from industrial plants and consumer products.BAs approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility on environmental is that it is planning to reduce Co2 emission by 50 percent by 2050.it is aiming to reduce noise per flight by 15 percent. BA has plans to recycle its waste up to 50 percent by 2010 and aims to send zero waste to landfill by 2010 across Heathrow and Gatwick.Reference Elkington, J. (1997)http//www.britishairways.com/ choke/csr-corporate-responsibility /public/en_gbIt is can be concluded that BA uses or has an approach to Corporate Social Responsibilities put forward by Elkingtons Triple tin Line. Those can be divided into Economic, Social and Environmental.Weather Gate Gourmets employees are part of BAs stakeholderIt has been made a case that withdrawors are not legitimatize stakeholders for a client. On the other hand in order to take on out whether this is the case the concept of salience of stakeholders will be used. thither are three factors that consider the salience of stakeholder and they are Power, Legitimacy and Urgency. knave 6Power it is the apparent capacity of a stakeholder to sour organisational action.Legitimacy whether the organization perceives the stakeholders actions as desirable, proper, or appropriate.Urgency The extent to which stakeholder submit are professed to call for immediate attention.Reference Mitchell, R.K, Agle, B.R., and Wood, D.J. (1997)Gate Gourmet had been losing 1.5 million a daytime delinquent to the new contract put forward by BA which had very tough terms. Because of this Gate Gourmet refractory to employ new ply on humbleder wages. So, on 10 August 2005 when 120 new employees were brought in the company the existing workers decided to go on yarn-dye while the trade union representatives went to speak to the management. But after three minutes the management of the Gate Gourmet plundered 700 staff without negotiating with the employees. The very following day BAs baggage treatment staff at Heathrow airport went on one day smooth grounding 700 flights and more than 100,000 passengers in BAs global network. It was nothing to do with BA just now the reason of the select was because BAs suppliers of in-flight meal Gate Gourmet had sacked 600 of its employee who had relatives in the BAs baggage handling staff. BA termed this walkout technically illegal and refused to pay the strikers wages and workers went back to their duty sole(prenominal) after only a one day strike. On the other hand this incident brought adult reputation to BAs global operation and also lost cost of more than 60 million. After a lengthy and controversial talks and negotiations BA decided to revise its supply contract with Gate Gourmet on better terms.Gate Gourmet had been losing 1.5 million a day due to the tough terms put forward by BA but they could do nothing to make BA revise its terms. It shows that Gate Gourmet slang no ability to enamour the action of BA.(Power)BA didnt take any recreate to the Gate Gourmets case and refused to pay its workers on strike and thought stakeholders actions as undesirable, improper and inappropriate. (legitimacy) Page 7BA didnt exploit to solve its stakeholders (Gate Gourmet) immediately but took lengthy and controversial talks to revise its terms. BA didnt show any urgency to solve its stakeholders problem. (urgency)Reference WWW.guardian .co.uk then I conclude that BA is not a legitimate stakeholder gibe to the conc ept of Salience of stakeholder.The negative outcomeMendelow created a stakeholder analysis map for mapping stakeholders origin over the corporate and the interest the corporate has over his stakeholder.STAKEHOLDER ANALYSISLow Interest exaltedMinimum safari assert informedA BKeep satisfied key doersC DLowPower interest matrixPOWERHighMendelow (1991) Chart of Stakeholder Analysis Page 8 element A represents that the stakeholder has low power which means that the stakeholder has less ability to influence organizational goal and the corporate has less interest in the stakeholder. That is why the corporate puts borderline effort to satisfy the stakeholder.Segment B represents that the stakeholder has low power and cannot influence the corporate goal but the corporate has extravagantly interest on the stakeholder because the stakeholder in segment B can be important ally in influencing the attitude of more powerful stakeholder through lobbying. Thus the corporate keep informed abo ut its shareholder.Segment C represents that the stakeholder has senior high power and can influence the corporate goal but the corporate has less interest in the stakeholder. As the stakeholder is powerful the corporate tries to keep the shareholders satisfied.Segment D represent that the stakeholder has high power and can easily influence the goal of the corporate and the chart also shows that the corporate also has high interest on its stakeholder. The stakeholder has high power and the corporate also has high interest in them so they are a key p social class to the corporate.Reference Mendelow, A. (1991) in Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2005)Gate Gourmet had been losing 1.5 million a day due to the new contract put forward by BA which had very tough terms. As Gate Gourmet couldnt make BA revise its term we can say that Gate Gourmet has low power. Because of this Gate Gourmet decided to employ new staff on discredit wages and the existing employee of Gate Gourme t went on strike opposing the decision made by the management. The management sacked 700 staff without negotiating but BA remained quiet during this course of event. It shows that BA has low interest in Gate Gourmet and thus had put no effort in getting involved in the Gate Gourmet situation. Page 9When 600 employees were sacked by Gate Gourmet the relatives of the sacked employee who were in the BAs baggage handling in the Heathrow went on strike on embody of their colleague. Due to this strike 700 flights and more than 100,000 passengers were grounded. This compelled BA to revise its supply contract with Gate Gourmet on better terms. Hence, in this way Gate Gourmet became a key player from minimum effort.Referencecorporatw www.guardian.co.ukEthical issues involved in the practice of outsourcing.Problems with Outsourcing According to Sheffi (2005) companies should never rely on only one contractor and in case of BA, it should have used more than one caterer or the relationship sho uld have been closer so that it could have known more about what the contractor is doing. Some organization, like banks have been disapproved of for poor customer support from outsourced Indian call centers. Also Nike and flutter have been bothered over the sweat shops allegedly operated by virtually of their suppliers. Outsourcing an activity does not mean it is no longer an organizations problem. And according to Emmelhainz and Adams (1999), there is a shift towards global supply and competition and individual firms have the appearance _or_ semblance to be faced with the outlook of an extended chain of responsibility. Once it was dead satisfactory to argue that the ethics of an organizations suppliers, or a firm influence on its competitors, was simply not any of its business, this no longer seems to be the case. Hence, corporations have to take their ethical responsibilities much more largely as a result, the supply chain has to be used as a means of expression for ethics man agement and regulation. Page 10Carolls determine (1991)Economic responsibilities Companies have shareholders who require a reasonable return on their investments, they have employees who want safe and fairly paid jobs, they have customers who maintain good quality products at a fair price, etc. This is by definition the motivation why businesses are set up in society and so the first task of business is to be correctly functioning economic unit and to stay in business. This first layer of Carrolss model is the basis for all the successive responsibilities, which rest on this firm basis. According to Carroll (1991), the satisfaction of economic responsibilities is thus required of all corporations.From 2000 the airline industries worldwide had been suffering from less number of passenger wanting to fly which was due to 9/11 incident, Sars epidemic and rise in the fuel costs following the war in Iraq. So, BA outsourced its service (in flight meal served by Gate Gourmet) to reduce its cost and to increase its profitability. The ethical issue of outsourcing regarding economical responsibilities is that it helps to give shareholders a reasonable return, its employees a safe and fairly paid job and satisfy the customers needs.Legal responsibilities Laws are the codification of societys moral views. For example Microsoft has had to face an antitrust case for abusing its monopolistic position. Page 11To outsource cheap labour if a company brings illegal immigrants than it is illegal. Every firm has to follow societys moral view.Ethical Responsibility These responsibilities compel corporations to do what is right, just and fair even when they are not compelled to do so by the legal framework. For example it was legal to dispose of an oil rig in the sea but was it ethical?Gate Gourmet had been losing 1.5 million a day due to the new contract put forward by BA which had very tough terms. Because of this Gate Gourmet decided to outsource new staff on lower wages. So, on 10 August 2005 120 new employees were brought in the company which made the existing employees insecure. So they went on a strike but they sacked 700 staff without negotiating with them. Outsourcing must not be use only to carry through the economic responsibilities of a firm but also hear to think ethically by not being unfair and foul to its employees as the Gate Gourmet.Philanthropic Responsibility The word Philanthropic is derived from the classical word which means love of the fellow human. According to this proposal in a business context, the mock-up incorporates activities that are within the corporations judgment to improve the quality of life of employees, local communities and ultimately society in general. This lark of CSR addresses a great range of topic, including things such as charitable donations, the building of recreation facilities for employees and their families, support for local schools or subsidizing of art and sports events. According to Carrolls (19 91), eleemosynary responsibilities are consequently purely preferred of corporations without being estimated or required, devising them less important than the other three categories.References Emmelhainz, M.A and Adams R.J(1999)A. Crane and D.Matten (2007)www.guardian.co.ukPage 12By outsourcing its services BA has increased its profitability but it is also involved with many non profitable organizations which helps the society. In this way outsourcing can fulfill firms Philanthropic Responsibility.So I conclude that ethical issues involved in the modern practice of outsourcing are economic responsibilities, legal responsibilities, ethical responsibilities and kindly responsibilities.

Concept Models for Sports Development

creation Models for diversions developing fracture OneIntroduction in that location atomic number 18 m both methods which angiotensin converting enzyme empennage rely on in stray to undertake form _or_ system of authorities investigate. oft we will see policy overlords undertaking primary enquiry by representation of observations and experimentation, resulting in a first-hand account of the effectiveness of a trusted policy in a given context. However, much(prenominal)(prenominal) primary research is not always avail adequate to(p) or easily accessible, and a great volume persons sine qua non to rely on secondary accounts of in inventation to base their decision reservation processes on. It is this reliance upon secondary information that dismiss drive to troubles as to discussion section and reliability, which may kick down to the lack of effectiveness of a plastered enforced policy.The draw a bead on of this essay is to explore the principle of excogita tion good examples and their effectiveness in relation to the formulation of policy as regards sports maturation. In doing so, it will go about to identify what fantasy models actually ar, what sports organic evolution is defined as, how the two realms interrelate, and at long last the advantages and limitations of relying on design models as a form of research. It is important to spot at the outset that relying on secondary research is arguably troubled with danger in any case, except this essay excessively recognises the occurrence that primary sources or material may not always be available, and will consider whether fancy models make a valuable ersatz form of research.What argon Concept Models?Concept models are a analytical form of data collection, which researchers and naturalisemans a great dealtimes intake to gauge and measure certain aspects of a sample of a population, so as they back form general conclusions based on the results. Often a thought model is the result of laborious analysis and experimentation, which uses scientific data collection methods to theorize and test hypotheses, so as a person studying a particular proposition area apprise gain knowledge and intuition in a logical manner. Clearly in that respect is a significant going away between the use of a reas nonpareild hypothesis to a particular set of circumstances, as opposed to the application of theoretical principles, and this is peradventure where the fighting arises between these two methods of research in particular areas of study.It is important to run into the feature that there may be times where a invention model is perhaps the most appropriate method of research in a particular matter. However, some another(prenominal) situations will require a more(prenominal) than theory-based approach. This is the difficult issue that the study of society and culture presents to the academic and researcher society and social values are often not a ccountable to rhyme or reason. They cannot be aloneified by the application of facts and figures, but rather nonpareil must attempt to understand the profound rationale of a social context so as to contract an idea as to what conclusions can be drawn about that special(a)ly samples behaviour. The purpose of this essay is to highlight the tension which concept models bring to a social issue such as sports training.What is cavorts growth?Sports development cannot be defined by one singular term. It can have a variety of meanings depending upon the context it is used. Perhaps the most drumhead definition, but by no means definitive, is the followingSport development deals with the opportunities available for plurality to progress to their say-so in sport, from taking part for fun and wellness to competition and also encompasses the provision of opportunities for addressing the social issues of the mean solar day through participation in sport.1Furthermore, it is importa nt to note thatAs a profession sport development take ups to justify the claims made for it by politicians and practitioners alike by providing an record base for the claims made for its value as a legitimate social service.2Therefore, sports development is regarded as having a quality in society in general, and is not limited just all to participation in sport itself. It can relate to health, in the sensory faculty that participation in sport and sensible bodily function can lead to a reduction in corpulency levels and cases of coronary heart unhealthiness and the like. It can link to crime, in the sense that sport can be used as a method of implementing construction and rigidity into a persons life, with the theory existence that a person is less(prenominal) likely to mutilateend as a result. It can even deliberate as deep as other social issues such as gender equality, in relation to the access to top competition fresh events and activities being geared more tow ards men than women. All these dissimilar concepts are important, and all need to be understood in order to sincerely yours grasp the overall concept of sports development. But how does one teach this to others? How does one understand the relationship between these very different entities, in a user-friendly way?How are Concept Models used in Sports developing?Concept models can be a useful tool in sports development, and in fact have been in discussion and policy research since the 1970s. Since first being coined as a term in the 1960 Wolfenden wrap up,3 sports development has undergone somewhat of a development in itself. New concepts have arisen, that need to be explained to scholars, researchers and laypeople alike. This is where concept maps may serve a valid purpose. They visually represent how dissimilar aspects of areas interrelate and flow on from one another. For example, the area of sports development has traditionally been associated with the pyramid model,4 where by a person start ups at the bottom of the pyramid with many others at the foundation level, and gradually excises up the pyramid to the excellence level, which is alone reached by much fewer people. This legal abbreviated pyramid concept basically tells the reader in a visual way the overall principle of sports development, and what its ultimate goal is. However, this does promote limitations. Firstly, it implies that the totally way a participant in sport can move is up, and does not allow for the frequent occurrence of participants having to drop down one level and attempt to climb up again. Secondly, it also imposes a quite a rigid framework, and does not allow for the individual or unique genius of each and every participant. These issues will be discussed in unless fact in receivable(p) course.Concept models are also useful in the sense that sports development is an area which has been identified as severely miss in empirical and scientific data to justify any othe r major form of modelling.5 Riddoch also goes on to say that, as a result of this lack of hard evidence, we must rely more so on theory, common sense, observation and expert opinion as on hard evidence.6 This essentially proves the usefulness of concept models in the context of sports development however it also signifies the need that we need to begin developing a bank of hard evidence so as to support the faith the government shows in this area. Essentially then, concept models are useful as an introductory tool, however one should research to ex metamorphose these concepts with rigid empirical data.What are the Advantages of using Concept Models?The overwhelming usefulness that concept models play in relation to the design, planning and delivery of the sports development process is that fact that is essentially simplifies the concepts and the relationships between various aspects of sports development and the wider community. It can essentially explain otherwise complicated t opics quite put only and reasonably, while also guiding the policy development process as a whole, given that it can highlight unique(predicate) target ideas and values that a policy may wish to address. An excellent example of a concept model for sports development can be found in the silky 10 report entitled Sport and favorable Exclusion (1999) at page 10 thereof, which attempts to represent the relationship between sport (or physical legal action generally) and the wider economic benefits to the community as a whole.7 On the butt of this concept model, one can trace the path of consequences that a specific activity or outcome can carry. For example, an change magnitude time in sprints can lead to an increase in sports injuries, and then an increase in costs to the NHS. However, the same outcome could also result in an increased touchment in sporting activities, then an increase in ones health, and accordingly a decrease in costs to the NHS. This plat maps out this particu lar issue quite well, although it is still quite ambiguous, in the sense that it does not indicate which path is more likely than the other to occur, and implies an even chance of either (or even both) occurring.What are the Disadvantages of using Concept Models?The above discussion in relation to the advantages of concept models also perhaps highlighted what some of the disadvantages are. A person who seeks to rely on a concept model in developing sports policy may be make a decision based on misleading information. This is primarily due to the fact that concept models can imply ambiguity in the data they represent. As mentioned above, the example in relation to the silken 10s concept model does not give any indication as to what event is more likely to occur than the other, meaning that the policy manufacturing businesss cannot accurately measure their issues as against the consequences due to the lack of empirical data in support. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to make their own enquiries into the reliability of the information, and they also should seek to support it with some hard evidence before drawing a conclusion and formulating policy to guide the sport development process. Also, a exist concept model may not cater for the policy makers particular circumstances, and therefore it would be important to have further information available to tailor the concepts to fit the situation. Concept models may also only prescribe one manner of moving through the various concepts, which does not cater for all eventualities, and therefore one must use of goods and services caution when relying on them, and perhaps only rely on concept models which might allow a certain get along of flexibility in their guidance.ConclusionOn the basis of the above discussion, it would be reasonable to break up that concept models can be a valuable tool in guiding the design, planning and delivery of sports development policy, however they should be relied upon wi th caution, and the policy maker should make an effort to familiarise himself with other hard evidence so as he can make policy in the exceed interests of achieving the objectives he has set for the policy. It is the unique objectives of the policy that should come first, and it is the economic consumption of the policy maker to design and implement policy which will get to these goals otherwise it will be of no benefit. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the policy maker to make all reasonable enquiries so as to ensure that they are making their decision based upon reliable and sound evidence. date concept models are valuable resources, they are certainly not definitive, and should not be viewed as such by those who seek to rely on them. jump TwoChildhood obesity is becoming an ever increasing problem in todays modern society. So often do we see advertisements for truehearted food, junk food and other unhealthy habits and lifestyles, such as moving picture games, on the televisi on which are predominantly aimed at a new(a)er audience. This places significant pressure on the sports industry as a whole, as barbarianren who become disillusioned with sport may suffer consequences not only to their own health, but the heath of the industry overall. After all, children are the future of our society, and it is in the interests of sport into the future to promote its values to the younger generation. The purpose of this case study is to highlight ways that sport is used at a younger level, such as school age and the like, in order to promote the positive message of health and fitness to children. This is often achieved through the death penalty of social policy and activities which promote physical activity and are generally catered to the fitness and skill levels of younger children. It is difficult to repudiate the proposition that obesity in general, let alone childhood obesity, it orbit epidemic proportions around the world, specifically in the United St ates. The purpose of this brief therefore is to identify the objects of school-based activity course of studys, and rationale which underpin these plans, the design and implementation of these programs as well as their implications for trouble. Specifically, given the writers residence in Australia, it will tend to revolve around more on Australian-based research based on the writers experience in after-school childhood sport programmes.There is existent evidence and policy in existence which supports the proposition that sport can promote a healthy lifestyle and decrease the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke at a later make up in life. In particular, the PAT 10 report Arts and Sport (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 1999) includes health as an area in which sport can contribute to neighbourhood renewal. The quantify of Sport (Sport England, 1999) suggests that sport can make a contribution to the new policy agenda by assisting in the emolument of fitness and health the reduction of risk of coronary heart disease, obesity and osteoporosis psychological benefits (eg reduction of depression) and a range of more specific health benefits.8 Therefore, sports development serves a vast social purpose from a health perspective, in the sense that encourages its participants to increase their physical activity in order to improve their health and not face as many potential health problems down the track.In the Australian context, where the writer is based, there is clear evidence of a policy shift towards enforcing compulsory school-level sport in spite of appearance the curriculum for all primary school age students. In the landed estate of Western Australia, this was recently introduced and, according to Education Minister Mark McGowan, what I dont want to see is us reach the obesity levels of the United States and hold that governments cant take all the responsibility here. Two hours a hebdomad in a school curriculum in which were loading up literacy and numeracy as well is a good outcome. What we need is after school and on weekends, parents to play their bit as well.9 A Western Australian school principal remarked about the policy It is certainly very ordinary with the students. The teachers like the fact that we can now program it rather than it just being an add-on to the curriculum and it seems a very good way for us to resource the problem that were facing.10 What this demonstrates is the fact that the government only has a limited theatrical persona in the decrease of the epidemic of childhood obesity. Its hold are effectively tied, in the sense that much of the encouragement and enforcement necessitate to come from the parents of the children rather than the government. Essentially, the government only has control of children for about half a dozen hours per day, whereas parents are responsible for their children after school and on weekends, so there is a need for this value of childhood health and fit ness to interpenetrate as a social value, rather than simply becoming an botheration by government.Perhaps most relevant to the after-school programs that the writer was problematical in was the key points in relation to health which were made by Coulter in his research report entitled Realising the Value of heathen Services the case for sport (2001), and the following seven conclusions on this report can be drawnMuch of the research evidence relates to the health benefits of physical activity, rather than sports per seThere is a need to focus on behaviour change rather than formal activity, promoting facility use and uptake of classes and sessions.Among sports participants, the frequency of activity is often less than that mandatory to achieve and sustain health benefits.Qualitative evidence suggests that the greatest gains from involvement in activity relate to psychological health and increased feelings of well-being.It is important that such experiences are complemented by a recognition of the unique physiological benefits of exercise.Factors underpinning the achievement of activity provision have included appropriate and convenient local anesthetic facilities recognising the importance of participants friendship groups in getting involved and staying involved providing reassurance that people just like us are able to participate acknowledging, in particular to older people, that some physical activity will be give away than none and recognising that if the activity has some intrinsic value (good fun, enjoyable, a change of environment etc), it may be more appealing and ensure adherence.There is a widespread absence of robust observe information on the health benefits of participation and little long-term monitoring of adherence to activity programmes. This reflects the short-term nature of many initiatives, the lack of funding for such monitoring and the lack of expertise to undertake such work.11The above points perhaps best capture the underlyin g rationale behind after-school sports programs. There is no need for a child to participate in sports per se, but rather in activities which result in an increase in physical activity. While the definition between sports and physical activity can appear clouded on occasions it is clear that, for the purposes of Coulters report, they are two entirely different concepts.One of the key programs that the writer was involved in, in order to be able to comment upon this issue first-hand, is known as the Active after-school(prenominal) Communities program, which is operated under funding caterd by the Australian federal government. A record case study has been undertaken in regards to the effectiveness of this program in support younger children to participate in physical activity. Parents acknowledged the concerns in the occurrent social environment in relation to obesity and later health problems, however sought to support the program where they were able to, having regard for barr iers such as travel and distance, as well as time constraints in relation to parents being able to pick up and drop off children in line with their work commitments.12 However, in an attempt to promote uttermost attendance and participation, it was important for the deliverer of the program at each venue to follow certain policies in relation to the activities that they organise. First and foremost, it needed to be an activity that the children would enjoy. This meant that it needed to cater to the wants of the children, rather than the deliverer simply sublime a certain program upon the group. The deliverer therefore needed to be flexible in terms of ideas and planning of activities, however needed to go on firm enough to impose a sense of order, control and structure to the activities, in order to ensure that the overall objectives of the program were still being met. Another key feature of the Active After drill Communities program is the non-exclusion policy behind all of i ts activities. In essence, this means that no child should be excluded from the activities, and activities which provide for a person being out should provide another physical role for that child as part of the activity. For example, in a game of dodge ball, a person who is hit by a ball (in a safe manner) would ordinarily be out, however a good program deliverer could find an alternate role for these participants while they are waiting for a new game to start, such as throwing balls in from the sidelines as part of the game, which still keeps them involved and active. This often meant that the deliverer had to create unique games or activities within their own rules in order to implement the policies laid down by the program. This required special training on the part of program deliverers, and thus all deliverers were required to complete accreditation in the delivery of the program before being able to conduct the program unsupervised.Of course, the design and implementation of t he program is not without its involve upon the management of the program. It is important for the Federal Government to have regard for the fact that many parents are somewhat unable to pay outsized amounts for this program, and consequently the participants of the focus group expressed a desire for the program to be to a great extent, if not fully, subsidised by the government.13 This creates an issue, in the sense that the funding of the program is a significant concern given the associated expenses of program delivery. This is particularly due to the need to pay the deliverers for their services, but also that the program takes place immaterial of school hours. This means that supervision of the program often falls outside of the scope of a teachers ordinary duties, and thus often a casual employee (or a number of them) needs to be pursue in order to fill this role. Magnifying this issue is the need for a large number of sites to exist, especially in rural areas, in order t o tap participation by minimising the distance and travel factors. Additionally, the case study also highlights the lack of suitably qualified staff to fill these roles in any event.14 This means that the management need to outlay a substantial amount of funding to initially reach the required training and staffing standards that the policies of the program demand. Therefore, the management need to be mindful of the concerns raised by the parents of the children of the program, as they are reluctant to absorb any major costs associated with the program. As a result, the management need to ensure that the appropriate budgets and costings are obtained so as to meet the objectives of the program, and it is clear that these policies perhaps impose a great deal of pressure and responsibility upon the management.In summary, it would appear that the Active After School Communities program which the writer was associated with serves a valid purpose. It recognises the need for children to b ecome physically active, in a society which promotes generally unhealthy lifestyles and habits. The responsibility for this forbid social shift would have to be shared between the government, parents and corporations however the responsibility to fix the problem ironically sits with the same people. For example, the AASC program relies heavily upon funding from Nike, which provides clothing and equipment so the program can run efficiently. The government needs to put the framework in place, but ultimately it is the role of the parents to encourage their child to attend the program, and to ensure continued participation, so as the child can receive the full benefit of the program.BibliographyBooksHoulihan, B., and White, A., The Politics of Sports victimisation (2002), London RoutledgeHylton, K., Bramham, P., Jackson, D., and Nesti, M., Sports Development Policy, Process and Practice (2007, 2nd ed), London RoutledgeReportsCoulter, F., Realising the Value of Cultural Services the ca se for sport (2001) LGA, LondonPAT 10, inquiry Report Sport and Social Exclusion (1999) Institute of Sport and vacant Policy, Loughborough UniversityRiddoch, C., Relationships between physical activity and physical health in young people in new-fangled and Active? Young people and health enhancing physical activity evidence and implications (1998)Ruiz, J., A Literature recapitulation Of The usher Base For Culture, The Arts And Sport Policy (2004), Scottish Executive, EdinburghThe superior general Council of somatic Recreation, Sport and the companionship (1960), CCPR, London.Internet Sources rudiment News, Compulsory sport to rein in childhood obesity (2007), http//www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200705/s1924710.htm at 2 wonderful 2008Colmar Brunton Social Research, Evaluation of AASC Program Community Case Study Vasse Community (2008), Australian Sports Commission, http//www.ausport.gov.au/__data/assets/word_doc/0004/200389/Evaluation_of_AASC_program_-_Community_Case_Stud y_-_Vasse.doc at 2 August 2008Sports Development, www.sportsdevelopment.org.uk at 2 August 20081 Sports Development UK, Sports Development (2008) http//www.sportsdevelopment.org.uk at 2 August 2008.2 Ibid.3 See The General Council of Physical Recreation, Sport and the Community (1960), CCPR, London.4 See Casey (1988).5 Janet Ruiz, A Literature Review of the Evidence Base for Culture, The Arts And Sport Policy (2004), Scottish Executive, Edinburgh, 15 see also Chris Riddoch, Relationships between physical activity and physical health in young people in Young and Active? Young people and health enhancing physical activity evidence and implications (1998).6 Ibid.7 PAT 10, Research Report Sport and Social Exclusion (1999) Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University, 10.8 F. Coulter, Realising the Value of Cultural Services the case for sport (2001) LGA, London, 15.9 ABC News, Compulsory sport to tackle childhood obesity (2007), http//www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200 705/s1924710.htm at 2 August 2008.10 Ibid.11 These points are drawn from sportdevelopment.org.uk at http//www.sportdevelopment.org.uk/hypertext markup language/rg_health.html at 2 August 2008.12 Colmar Brunton Social Research, Evaluation of AASC Program Community Case Study Vasse Community (2008), Australian Sports Commission, http//www.ausport.gov.au/__data/assets/word_doc/0004/200389/Evaluation_of_AASC_program_-_Community_Case_Study_-_Vasse.doc at 2 August 2008.13 Ibid.14 Ibid.

Social Issues With Multiculturalism

Social Issues With MulticulturalismWhat atomic number 18 the main sociological issues elevated by the nous of a multi-cultural rules of order?Multiculturalism is not close to exit and individuation per se solely about those that ar embedded in and sustained by floriculture (Pargonkh, 20002). Despite the occurrence that most countries straightaway atomic number 18 culturally diverse, it would be impossible to discuss the main sociological issues raised by the idea of a multicultural society without explaining first, what is the meat of culture itself? The most common definition of culture interrelates to a complicated entity which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and habits acquired by members of a society. Claire Alexander sees culture as a set of customs and beliefs linked to ethnicality and common origins which led to the realisation that culture is not a fixed set of beliefs, but it is made and unmade in daily life. (1996)The query of multiculturali sm is not a recent case for get by since it has been present in the governmental life of European countries since 1945, year that does not only mark the Second creation War but in like manner the beginning of an era of concerns and changes. The main issues raised by this matter tie in to immigration, delegation of power and growing numbers of governmental refugees and asylum seekers. Yet, besides problems emerge concerning collective and political rights, liberal ideas, identity, and private exemption. (Rex, 2003)Further more, Kymlicka suggests that the diversity of cultures we are experiencing today has led to a conflict surrounded by majorities and minorities over matters such as phrase, autonomy, political representation, and national identity (1996). He as well as argues that this, chiefly affects democraciesattempts to create liberal elected institutions are being undermined by raving mad nationalist conflicts volatile dis modeles over the rights of immigrants , autochthonal stacks, and other cultural minorities are throwing into question many of the assumptions which slang governed political life for decades (1996 2)Until recently, multiculturalism was seen by politicians and monarchs as a positive trait of modern and nation-states. However, this perception changed due to ethnic conflicts within nations such as the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia or the riots in the United Kingdom amid Asians and native British citizens. In the past few years, many philosophers and amicable scientists build taken an following into the idea of cultural diversity and tried to define the image of a liberal society, answer the question whether individual rights should be diffuseed to groups and elaborate the problem of perception which appeared it implied the denial of individual rights in the first place. (Rex, 2003)On this matter, Charles Taylor argues that in occurrence, recognition is an inwrought component of the concept of rights and individ uals could be recognized as part of a group (1994). In order to expand his argument, he goes as far back as the collapse of social hierarchies and the ancient regime and states the common element that constitutes both a hierarchy and a democratic society. He claims that the ancient hierarchies were based on the fantasy of honour which even though it was a matter of choice, it defined the individuals of the society the term we use today is dignity. On the other hand, Taylor states that recognition has acquired a incompatible meaning with the new understanding of individual identity that emerged at the end of the eighteenth century. This new idea focused on the inner voice of the individual and on the concept of authenticity on the original view, the inner voice was important because it tells us what the right involvement to do is being in touch with our moral feelings matter here, as a means to the end of acting rightly (199428) He alike argues that identity is necessarily coll ective and that cultural rights cannot be enjoyed by individuals but because they are collective by nature. However, Taylors position collides with the liberal tradition which is based on the idea of individual freedom and the neutrality.According to Henri Giordan, the towboat of the modern society is fighting for individual freedom rather than the conventional structures of societies. Thus, the progress of civilizations was reflected in the freedom of speech and press, liberty to gather political parties and vote, concepts which defined merciful beings rights that in Pareks view represent a neat historical achievement (2006 17) Furthermore, he explains thatfor the first time in recital (human rights) provide a universally accessible moral and political style in which to articulate our shared concerns and differences. In so doing it builds moral bonds between human beings in different parts of the world and helps create an consciousness of our shared humanity. (200617)Nonet heless, Parekh suggests that human rights should follow three conditionsfirstly, they should be integrally colligate to and indispensable for a life of dignity secondly, they should be universal or rather universalizable in the dual sense that all human beings are entitled to claim them and that this claim extends to all societies thirdly, human rights should be astray accepted as such by a cross-cultural consensus. (200625)In order to sustain this point of view, Kymlicka states that minority rights are inseparable from human rights and mentions UNESCOthe defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative inseparable from find for human dignity. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms, in circumstance the rights belonging to minorities and those of indigenous peoples. Cultural rights are an integral part of human rights, which are universal, indivisible and interdependent. (UNESCO, Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, 2001)However, the incep tion of democracy was brutally interrupted by the First and Second World War. National identity became a threat for ideologies such as fascism and national socialism which led to a tragic outcome (Kym1icka, 1992). Some minorities were exterminated, either by expulsion or by genocide while other minorities were assimilated and ferocity to adopt the language, customs and religion of the majority group and were denied political rights. It became unvarnished at the end of the Second World War that a different approach to minorities rights was necessary and attempts were made to redistribute collective rights to individuals rather than granting finical rights to members of a group. (Kymlicka, 1996)Starting with the 1980s, a new dimension was given to minorities rights and Kymlicka suggests that these changes have followed two tracks in that location is one track for the specific case of indigenous peoples, and another track for minorities in general (200731) He goes on explaining th at the rights that were completely given to indigenous peoples (the Indians and Inuit in Canada, Aboriginal in Australia, Indian tribes in the United States, the Maori of new Zealand) included land claims, language rights, customary rectitude and representation in the central governmentthis is a perception that is sometimes promoted by indigenous peoples themselves and their advocates, who assert that the status of indigenous peoples has nothing in common with the claims of minorities, and that the ideology of indigenism has no connection with more general theories of multiculturalism (2007 34)The latter(prenominal) track that Kymlicka explains refers to the specialisation between historic minorities (that were conventionally settled in the country and included groups that were considered indigenous peoples and long-standing national minorities the Scots and Welsh of Britain, the Catalans and Basques in Spain, Puerto Rico in United States) and the migrants (2007). In what immigr ation is concerned, it appears that the countries with a last density of migrants (Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States) have approached the problem of immigration through a process of assimilation with the hope that they will blend in with the native-born citizens. Solid evidence for the progress of minority rights was given by the European Union when they declared that the promotion of minority rights was the ascension criteria for the countries that treasured to join the Union (Kymlicka 2007)Another topic that Kymlicka approaches in his theory refers to the distinction and the connection between collective rights and individual rights. He begins by explaining that there are two meanings of collective rightscollective rights could refer to the right of a group to landmark the liberty of its own individual members in the urinate of group solidarity or cultural purity ( intragroup restrictions) or it could refer to the right of a group to reverberate the econom ic or political power exercised by the larger society over the group, to ensure that the resources and institutions on which the minority depends are not vulnerable to majority decisions (external protections) (1996 36)The internal restrictions imply intra-group relations- the group whitethorn use the state power to limit the liberty of its own members which raised the question of individual oppression. As an example, Kymlicka refers to culture where women are oppressed or cultures were the ghostlike orthodoxy is enforced. Moreover, he argues that some minorities would limit even further the rights of their membersit is one thing to require people to do jury duty or to vote, and quite another to compel people to attend a particular church or to follow traditional gender roles. The former are intended to uphold liberal rights and democratic institutions, the latter restrict these rights in the name of cultural tradition or religious orthodoxy. (199636)External protections imply inte r-group relations- the ethnic/ national group seeks to withhold its distinction and identity by limiting the effect of the decisions taken by the majority group. Doing so, this also raises yet another issue not of individual oppression but of inequality between groups.However, Kymlicka makes it clear that collective rights are indeed opposed to individual rightsOn one natural interpretation, collective rights refer to the rights accorded to and exercised by collectivities, where these rights are distinct from, and perhaps conflicting with, the rights accorded to the individuals who allay the collectivity. This is not the only possible definition of collective rightsindeed there are hundreds of definitions in the literaturebut almost everyone agrees that collective rights are, by definition, not individual rights. (1996 45)This matter led to a conflict of ideas between individualists and collectivists on the priority of individuals within a residential area or the community itself . It appears that individualists argue that the individuals are essential for a community eyesight that a community only matters if it contributes to the well-being of its constituent members. On the other hand, collectivists cut across the idea of a community thats meant to attend to its individuals. (1996)Collectivists and individualists disagree about whether communities can have rights or interests independently of their individual members (). Most such rights are not about the primacy of communities over individuals. Rather, they are based upon the idea that justice between groups requires that the members of different groups be accorded different rights. (1996 48)Despite the fact that multiculturalism and immigration have everlastingly been present in our lives and are essential components of the modern world, it is still impossible to find the answers to the always-present sociological issues that a multicultural society rises. What triggers the majority of problems is imm igration with it, emerge matters concerning minority rights, individual freedom and identity, oppression, riots, protests for human rights, violence and racism. Economical and political issues, religion and race concerns, language and culture barriers are also consequences of this cultural diversity that we are experiencing today.The topic looks as if it appealed to theoreticians and social scientists and it still remains an ever-present subject of discussion. It also led to conflicts of ideas between theoreticians such as Charles Taylor and Will Kymlicka, both Canadians but with opposing views. It is quite obvious that multiculturalism is now seen as a continual problem, taking into account the changes that took place in the structures of societies. However, there is no query that immigration improved our knowledge of different cultures, languages, traditions and food it had also persuasion communities to be tolerant and accept diversity even embrace it. frugality and trade bet ween countries has developed and societies became cosmopolitan. Even thought, migrants have always been put in a large(p) light, they are not in fact, trying to deter natives. They have good working skills and are uncoerced to work for low-paid jobs and extra hours. Usually, they do the jobs that the natives would not do and it appears that there are more immigrants than natives that have a permanent job. It seems unfair to argue that migrants do not help the economy of the country they live in seeing that they still pay taxes and have less claimed benefits than the unemployed natives. Moreover, due to the fact they have a low wage they can always be found in the rough area of big cities, living in modest and dangerous conditions. On the other hand, language it is definitely a cause of having low-paid jobs since most migrants do not speak the language, thus devising it more difficult to find employment.Another factor of immigration is religious discrimination. Considering the rec ent events in the United States, Arabs and Islamists in particular are discriminated and put in a bad light. Romanians and Bulgarians also have a bad reputation around Europe and a false image which may lead to cultural conflicts between migrants and natives. Somehow, it appears that the society makes it harder for migrants to obtain necessary documents in order to reside and work lawfully in the country. Until recently, Romanians and Bulgarians were bound to fool for a work permit in order to work legally in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, attempts are being made to improve and brighten these problems and it is quite obvious that many advantages have been gained from this. Moreover, it is evident that multiculturalism is the way off and while modern societies need to become more tolerant of migrants and their values, the migrants have to accept the majoritys way of life and integrate in their community and nation. Unfortunately, these changes might not occur in the near comi ng(prenominal) considering that minorities have more and more claims for rights and benefits and natives are becoming more and more reluctant to the controversial idea of multiculturalism, which seems to lead their lives.

Social Work :: Graduate College Admissions Essays

Social lead It was the shrill ringing of my pager that jarred me away of the deep sleep I had been enjoying. The clock beside my bed read 330 as I fumbled around in the dark, reaching for the insistent pager. As I proverb the code that flashed on its tiny screen, my heart sank. I sight of the sleet that had been falling as I had fallen asleep a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) hours before, and of the warmth of my cozy bed. The very last thing I valued to do at that mowork forcet was to get up and go out in the cold. Unfortunately, there was little choice I was the only Crisis dude available during the week between Christmas and New Year. Within a few minutes, I was dressed and en route to the hospital to pick up a charr and her small children, on the run from an abusive husband, and nominate them to our shelter several miles out of town. As both a hotline street girl and Crisis Companion for a community organization called Avalon, I had been trained to be an activ e listener, crisis counselor, and advocate for survivors of municipal violence and sexual invade. I thought of all the training I had received, as well as the resentment which had driven and encouraged my work with Avalon, as I ne bed the emergency means of the hospital and prepared to meet my newest clients. Every 15 seconds a woman is battered. 1 in 3 women and 1 in 10 men will be sexually assaulted during their lifetimes. 4 women in the United States are killed every day by their husbands or male partners. When I archetypical heard these statistics in a Womens Studies course my Freshman year, I was astounded and thoroughly incensed. The more I read, the more committed I became to doing something which would let about a positive change for survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence. It was then that I learned about and began working with Avalon, which was active on campus and in the community. Through its outreach programs, Avalon is dedicated to educating the commu nity about the issues of sexual assault and domestic violence. It also offers a shelter, as well as advocacy and education, to survivors and their families. As a volunteer for Avalon I have answered a crisis hotline, acted as a court advocate, helped clients apply for food stamps, and been on call in the hospital to work with women and children.

Character of Walter Mitty in The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty :: The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty

The Secret career Of Walter Mitty - Character Study of Walter Mitty   In the short story, "The secret life of Walter Mitty," a man by the distinguish of Walter Mitty goes into town with his wife to get some things done. Throughout this story Walter Mitty shows that he is in truth forgetful and a unfeignedly stubborn man with a vivid imagination. He is constantly being distracted, and starts to day ambition often.   thither are a few hints in this story that show Walter Mitty is authentically forgetful. Most of this is probably caused by his constant day dreaming passim this trip into town and not concentrating too hard on what hes doing. at a time Walter Mitty had dropped off his wife for her hair appointment, he began to do his shopping. Walter picks up his overshoes and accordingly "Walter Mitty began to wonder what the other thing was his wife had told him to get. She had told him, twice before they left."(90) Also, a little late r on, Walter Mitty "was always getting something wrong"(90) This last retell shows that Walter Mitty must forget things quite often.   The story also shows that Walter Mitty is a really stubborn person. When he was dropping off Mrs. Mitty, Mrs. Mitty told Walter Mitty not to forget the overshoes he was sopposed to buy while in he was town. Walter Mittys reaction was "I dont require overshoes,"(88) but he did give in to his wife in the end, and bought the overshoes. other incident that shows Walter Mitty is stubborn occurs when his wife told him to put his gloves on, then Walter Mitty puts them on, but when his wife is out of site he took them off immediately.   The most obvious quality of Walter Mitty is his constant day dreaming. Throughout the whole story, Walter Mitty is being distracted well by everyday events. His dreams turn these simple events into wild fantasies such as being a surgeon, bomber pilot and a captain of a sea vessel . An example of how he changes something from everyday life into a dream occurs when Walter Mitty is trying to remember what it was his wife had told him Character of Walter Mitty in The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty The Secret Life Of Walter MittyThe Secret Life Of Walter Mitty - Character Study of Walter Mitty   In the short story, "The secret life of Walter Mitty," a man by the number of Walter Mitty goes into town with his wife to get some things done. Throughout this story Walter Mitty shows that he is very forgetful and a really stubborn man with a vivid imagination. He is constantly being distracted, and starts to day dream often.   at that place are a few hints in this story that show Walter Mitty is very forgetful. Most of this is probably caused by his constant day dreaming throughout this trip into town and not concentrating too hard on what hes doing. formerly Walter Mitty had dropped off his wife for her hair appointment, he began to do his shopping. Walter picks up his overshoes and then "Walter Mitty began to wonder what the other thing was his wife had told him to get. She had told him, twice before they left."(90) Also, a little later on, Walter Mitty "was always getting something wrong"(90) This last summons shows that Walter Mitty must forget things quite often.   The story also shows that Walter Mitty is a really stubborn person. When he was dropping off Mrs. Mitty, Mrs. Mitty told Walter Mitty not to forget the overshoes he was sopposed to buy while in he was town. Walter Mittys reaction was "I dont extremity overshoes,"(88) but he did give in to his wife in the end, and bought the overshoes. other incident that shows Walter Mitty is stubborn occurs when his wife told him to put his gloves on, then Walter Mitty puts them on, but when his wife is out of site he took them off immediately.   The most obvious distinction of Walter Mitty is his constant da y dreaming. Throughout the whole story, Walter Mitty is being distracted easy by everyday events. His dreams turn these simple events into wild fantasies such as being a surgeon, bomber pilot and a captain of a sea vessel. An example of how he changes something from everyday life into a dream occurs when Walter Mitty is trying to remember what it was his wife had told him